Automation of sound 3 | Card file on speech therapy on the topic:

Types of incorrect articulation of the sound “Z”

When the pronunciation of whistling sounds is distorted, it is called sigmatism; when it is replaced by other sounds, it is called parasigmatism.

There are several types of sigmatism:

Labial-dental. With this defect, the lower lip stretches upward and the result is “B” instead of “Z” (“task” - “vada”).
Side. The tongue on the sides, or only on one side, does not rest on the upper teeth, and the air disperses in the mouth, losing pressure and forming a squelching sound “HL” (“sunset” - “slurp”).
Interdental. The tongue rests between the rows of teeth, creating a lisping sound.

Nasal. The soft palate descends to the root of the tongue, exhaled air exits through the nose. This produces a nasal "X".
Prizubny. The tongue rests on the half-closed teeth and does not allow the passing air to move freely, as a result you hear something between “D” and “Z” (“winter” - “dzima”).
Hissing. The tip of the tongue moves towards the frenulum, it bends towards the upper palate, the lips are rounded and a hiss is obtained instead of a whistle (“lock” - “zhamok”).

Preparatory stage

At the preparatory stage, the correct sound and articulation of the formed “Z” is demonstrated. Articulation and breathing exercises are performed to prepare the child to perform basic positioning exercises.

Paired consonants

Paired consonants are letters that, according to their characteristics that characterize them, have a certain pair. One of these signs is the contrast between voiced and dull sounds.

Certain consonants may differ only in how the voice is involved in pronunciation. Other signs are the same. Others that do not have a pair in accordance with the signs: voiceless - voiced - not paired. These include: l, m, x, c, h, sch, j.

This is interesting: where is the emphasis in the word beets?

In order to be literate, you must know these letters and sounds, as well as know the rules. Examples of words with a paired letter at the root:

pillar (p) - test - pillars
frost (s) - checked with the word freeze or frosty
beard (t)ka - test - beard

Mnemonics of stories:

Texts for automating the sound “Z” using mnemonic tracks are a simple and accessible way to introduce this sound into coherent speech.

Spelling words with a paired consonant at the root

When pronounced, paired sounds can replace each other. However, this does not affect the writing in any way. It follows from this that the letters in a word remain unchanged, no matter what sounds are heard in their place. Thus, the principle of uniformity of morphemes is implemented in the Russian language. This law completely subordinates the spelling of consonants that have a pair. The rule is stated in the following paragraphs:

the spelling of the root is always the same, because semantics depends on it;
It is necessary to check spelling by selecting words with the same root or changing the forms of the word;
Testers need to choose one that has a vowel or sonorant sound after the questionable letter, which include r, l, m, n, y.

If the paired sound is at the root, then it is very easy to make a mistake. To avoid making mistakes, you need to select test words according to the rule. The rule goes like this: to check a paired consonant, you need to choose a test word such that after this consonant there is a vowel or sonorant sound.

For example, "snow". The sound “k” is heard at the end. To check, we select a word such that after the consonant there is a vowel - “snow”. Now the sound “g” is heard, which means the letter “g” is written.

This is interesting: does it matter how it is spelled?

Thus, paired letters located in the root of a word require verification when they are in a weak position, that is:

at the end of words (for example, siskin);
when they are in the middle of a word, and after them there is a paired consonant (for example, birch, easy, etc.).

Those letters that are in a strong position do not need to be checked. This usually happens when a consonant is followed by a vowel or a sonorant consonant.

Need to know: What is the correct spelling: also or the same?

Spelling in third grade

In the third grade, children actively learn to read and write and the rules of the Russian language, because this is the basis of spelling. It is simply necessary to know these rules, because due to some features of the Russian language it can be difficult to put the correct letter. Letters that have a pair are particularly difficult for children to write. Especially when they are at the end or at the root. By the third grade, there should be much fewer errors, especially if the child has well mastered the rule discussed above.

To write correctly, you need to be able to identify the root. First select it in the first value, and then in the test value. The vowel after the test root must be emphasized with two strokes. With this analysis, it immediately becomes clear how the original version is written and why.

The teacher’s goal is to convey to his students the correct spelling and teach them to select words with the same root. When a child knows how to do this, he makes much fewer mistakes.

This is interesting: the meaning of the phraseological unit “Trishkin caftan”.

Examples

There are many examples in which the student can clearly see spelling. Visualization is the best way to remember the rule and write correctly in the future. Examples include:

Tooth - teeth (you can hear “p”, but write “b” - this becomes clear after checking).
Grass - a blade of grass or weed (at the root you can hear the sound “f”, but you need to write “v” correctly. Again, if you check and choose another word, it will no longer be possible to write it incorrectly).
Horse - horse (the sound “t” is heard, but after checking, we get the correct spelling with the letter “d”).
Oak - oak trees (you can hear a “p” at the end, although when checking it becomes clear that you need to write “b”.

There are many such examples, and having learned to select them, the child will write much more competently and make fewer mistakes. The main thing is to help him learn to do it .

Self-control is the key to successful work on problematic sounds

In order for all the work done to be crowned with success, it is necessary to take into account such a factor as the child’s ability to control his pronunciation. Classes with a speech therapist and communication with parents are only part of the time where control is established over the child’s speech. The rest of the time, including when communicating with peers, the child must learn to monitor his speech himself.

To prevent this from becoming an annoying chore, motivate him to overcome his speech impediment, support him during failures, and praise him for small victories over himself. Your baby will definitely succeed, don’t doubt it.

As well as the fact that he will grow into a purposeful, open-to-communication person.

Sequence of correction work

Sound production is part of speech therapy work with sound pronunciation, which takes place in stages. In general, the process looks like this:

Only sequential passage of all stages makes it possible to achieve the desired result and consolidate it.

Now let's talk about everything in order.

Examples of words with paired consonants at the root of the word

Voiced and voiceless consonants can fundamentally distinguish words, for example:

ball - heat;
count - goal;
house - volume;
bar - steam;
blockage - gap;
pity is a prank.

Within a word, there may be voiced and voiceless consonants nearby that interact with each other. When a voiced and a voiceless consonant are nearby, the second consonant influences the previous one. Definition Voiced consonants [b], [c], [g], [d], [zh], [z] and their paired soft sounds, when they appear in front of the voiceless and at the end of the word, are replaced by their paired voiceless consonants. This replacement is called stunning.

For example:

occasionally [and from r' and t to a]
Russula [sy r a y' e sh k a].

This means that in Russian the same letter can convey different sounds. For example, the letter “d” in the words “garden”, “(past) the garden” and “garden” conveys the sounds [t], [d] and [d']:

[s a t]
[s a d a]
[s a d' and k].

Knowing the correspondence between letters and sounds in words will help you pronounce and write words correctly.

If there is a voiced consonant after a voiceless consonant in a word, then it voices the previous sound. Definition: Voiceless consonants [k], [t], [p], [s], [f], [sh], once in front of the voiced ones, are replaced by their paired voiceless ones consonant. This replacement is called voicing.

For example:

request [p r about z' b a];
station [v a g z a l].

However, deafening and voicing are not indicated in writing: in all cases the same letter is written. To establish the true nature of the root consonant, it is necessary to take such a form of the word or select a related word in which the consonant being tested was either before the vowel, or before the consonants “l”, “m”, “n”, “r”, “v”.

For example:

[b] - [p]

box - box, peddler;
cork - cork;

[v] - [f]

carrots - a lot of carrots, carrot;
dexterous, dexterity - he is dexterous;
pin - pin;
grass - grass, blade of grass;
ditch - ditch;

[d] - [t]

fold - fold, fold;
trip - travel, rider;
bed - ridge, bed;
booth - booth;
boat - boat;
berry - berry, berry;
notebook - notebook;
platform - platform;

[f]-[w]

path - path;
gatehouse - to guard;
girlfriend - girlfriend;
spoon - spoon;
book - little book;

[z] - [s]

pointer - pointer;
skid - no skid;
fairy tale - fairy tale, legend;
birch - birch tree;
pruning - trim.

Let us pay attention to words with paired consonants in the root that cannot be verified. August, joke, pharmacy, machine gun, station, zigzag, astronaut, backpack, harness, baking, fluoride, football, exam, etc.

Examples of words with paired consonants at the root of the word

Voiced and voiceless consonants can fundamentally distinguish words, for example:

ball - heat;
count - goal;
house - volume;
bar - steam;
blockage - gap;
pity is a prank.

Within a word, there may be voiced and voiceless consonants nearby that interact with each other. When a voiced and a voiceless consonant are nearby, the second consonant influences the previous one.

Voiced consonants [b], [v], [d], [d], [zh], [z] and their paired soft sounds, when placed in front of the deaf ones and at the end of the word, are replaced by their paired deaf consonants. This replacement is called stunning.

For example:

occasionally [and from r' and t to a];
Russula [sy r a y' e sh k a].

This means that in Russian the same letter can convey different sounds. For example, the letter “d” in the words “garden”, (past) “garden” and “kindergarten” conveys the sounds [t], [d] and [d']:

[s a t];
[s a d a];
[s a d' and k].

Knowing the correspondence between letters and sounds in words will help you pronounce and write words correctly.

If there is a voiced consonant after a voiceless consonant in a word, then it voices the previous sound.

Voiceless consonants [k], [t], [p], [s], [f], [sh], when placed in front of voiced ones, are replaced by their paired voiceless consonants. This replacement is called voicing.

For example: