Ra – stressed syllable, the beginning of the word Slave, cancer, radio, joy, rainbow, frame, rally, wound, frame, shell, satchel. Ra – unstressed syllable, the beginning of the word Work, plain, rocket, area, worker, shell, racket, comb, plant, scout, radio operator, robber, bungler, parting, spring, parents, horn, birth. Ra – stressed syllable, middle of the word Mountain, hole, bark, heat, hole, yesterday, midges, kids, ram, garage, parade, giraffe, crucian carp, pirate, mirage, chimes, steering wheel, operation, scratch, collect. Ra – unstressed syllable, the middle of the word Fara, measure, sulfur, faith, quarrel, curtain, sphere, spur, opera, panther, riffraff, cave, loon, kikimora, satire, plywood, guitar, cholera, camera, chimera, amphora, office, cigar, potion, karate, drum, ant, caramel, guard, pyramid, hurricane, caravan, cockroach, sundress, toddler, parachute, pencil, quarantine, karabas-barabas. Ro – stressed syllable, the beginning of the word Roth, swarm, ditch, role, rye, growth, rhombus, timidity, rose, robot, rumble, company, horns, grove, search, rod, roller, luxury, mole, homeland, smooth, pink. Ro – stressed syllable, middle of the word Feather, bureau, magpie, crow, cow, road, crown, gate, cigarette, currant, ice cream, embryo, lesson, pie, hero, marmot, frost, baron, syrup, people, vegetable garden, ferry, rhinoceros, turn, on the contrary, turn, funnel, box, crown, cake, somersault, thief, dexterity, lacing, varnishing, dosage, soda, internship, business trip, disguise, planning, tattoo, staging. Ry – stressed syllable, beginning of the word Lynx, fish, market, saffron milk cap, knight, stigma, pothole, dig, rummage. Ry – unstressed syllable, beginning of a word. Fisherman, trotter, dash, sob, rumble, growl. Ry – stressed syllable, middle of the word Abscess, gust, trough, stalk, mosquitoes. Ry - unstressed syllable, middle of the word Pairs, mountains, holes, enchantments, patterns, fees, spurs, elections, manners, memoirs, feather. RU – stressed syllable, beginning of the word Rudder, ruble, hands, pen, rumba, channel, manuscript. RU – unstressed syllable, the beginning of the word Fleece, ore, line, ruby, sleeve, gun, hare, roll, stream, roll, ruins, routine, mine, shirt, plane, blush, mermaid, handle, mitten, washstand, needlework, leader, to chop, to lead. RU – stressed syllable, middle of the word Kangaroo, old woman, weapon, notch, corn, appearance. RU – unstressed syllable, middle of the word Papyrus, carousel, assignment, help out. Ar-yar – stressed syllable Par, ball, var, heat, gift, kar-kar, blow, lobster, bazaar, tan, goods, mosquito, fire, jaguar, nightmare, boulevard, squid, potter, samovar, commissar, antiquarian, turpentine, stoker , seminar, desk, backgammon, barracks, party, bartender, velvet, asparagus, manganese, senior, firecracker, attic. Yar, bright. Painter, schoolboy, carpenter, gusler, case, eyepiece, hero of the day, capillary, copy. Arch, mark, tea leaves, shack, savage, cook, kayak, coffee maker, pig farm, nurse, shepherd dog, welding. Ar-yar – unstressed syllable Cook, sugar, author, dollar, aviator, excavator, commentator. Cart, watermelon, armyak, horde, army, crossbow, harpist, organism, ornament, argument, archeology. Badger, watchdog, greyhound, pocket, cardboard, cap, cornice, corsage, cakes, picture, basket, potato, carbonade, accordion, ermine, dahlia, humpback, partisan, briefcase, tailor, marine, blink, morpheme, Narzan, Spartan, fortune, outpost, anesthesia, leapfrog. Or-er – stressed syllable Sor, pestilence, bor, chorus, thief, chlorine, nonsense, yard, collection, pattern, fence, cathedral, hillock, motor, set, axe, hillock, emphasis, blockage, enthusiasm, major, watch, shame, major , minor, junior, major, dancer, shutter, slope, fly agaric, tomato, commander, traffic light, semaphore, cupronickel, matador. Order, organ, body, kite, piston, morphine. Mink, spanking, slide, crust, frill, cleaning, assembly, saying, clause, excuse, subcortex, desk, castor oil, shag. Ruff. Beaver, poser, liqueur, carpet, driver, tent, sapper, usher, floor polisher, fitter, watchman, bonfire, boxer, understudy, prompter, juggler, elevator operator, volunteer, musketeer, stuntman, dreamer, alarmist, pull, hard. Grater, five, four, seven, six, eight, gallery, tunic. Ur-yur - stressed syllable Bur, tour, cord, openwork, lemur, lampshade, confusion, pun, pompadour, bedokur, skewer, plasterer. Mazurka, jacket, sandpaper, beaker, plaster. Yurt, nimble. Velor, allure, guipure, manicure, pedicure. Ur-yur – unstressed syllable Tambur, contour, tour, blizzard, dope, turbine. Ir-yr – stressed syllable Fat, feast, world, ether, fig, marshmallow, kefir, idol, cashier, fakir, passenger, jeweler, souvenir, guard, rowdy, sapphire, banker, uniform, elixir, tug. Carbon paper, washable. Cheese. Hole, cap. Er-er – stressed syllable Square, wine glass, officer, pioneer, cavalier, land surveyor, hypocrite, polymer, stopwatch, eye meter, dresser, engineer, millionaire, policeman, shareholder, pensioner, aviary. Willow, top, vershok, seal, golden eagle, canned food, rod, first. Measure, door, bookcase, snuff box, pensioner. Mayor, sir, peer. Er-er – unstressed syllable Wind, boat, coachman, leader, number, hacker, sharpie, buffer, evening, number, poker, sweater, speaker, joker, Mauser, bumper, boiler, timer, mixer, pager, eclair, master, geyser, tanker , bunker, cadet, hundredweight, chancellor, fan, conveyor, goalkeeper, felt-tip pen, computer. Attic, power, parchment, verdict, sergeant, insolence, hold, angry, poker, allergy, twilight. Tra-tro-tru-tra – stressed syllable Trap, tract, waste, tragic, meal, baiting, route, tram, contract, contrast, intermission, stained glass. Three, throne, thrombus, cane, troll, trail, troika, trinity, touch, metro, sailor, cartridge. Coward, labor, difficult, drone, troupe, pipes, pipe, panties, cowardice, toiler, cheesecake. Breakaway. Tra – unstressed syllable, beginning and middle of the word Grass, tragedy, spender, trapping, springboard, trench, trombone, reflection, morning, double bass, breakfast, canister, cunning. Dra-dro-dru-dra – stressed syllable, beginning and middle of the word Fight, dratva, tattered, scrub, drama, veil, melancholy, run away, wounded. Firewood, fraction, trembling, yeast, dart, thrush, tremble, hip, bucket, syndrome, squadron, hippodrome, cosmodrome. Friend, friendship, girlfriend. Jerking, snoring, tearing. Dra-dru-dru – unstressed syllable, the beginning and middle of the word Dragon, dragee, brawler, dragoon, clunker, pellet, firewood, bustard, woodcutter, trembling, jewel, dramatization, tremble, tease, hydra, otter, powder, bowels, zest, bowels, buckets, department, squadron, tundra, salamander, scolopendra, Andromeda, hydromassage, imitate, tear out, vigor, wisdom, generosity. Friends, squad, other. Cedars, frames. Tr-dr. – at the end of the word Meter, liter, center, felt, filter, monster, spectrum, theater, sturgeon, inspection, pediatrician, alabaster, amphitheater, minister, master, music stand, subtitle, semester, diameter, centimeter, speedometer, scepter. Frame, spacesuit, cider, top hat, cedar, vigorous. Kra-cro-cru-cra – stressed syllable Crab, crane, collapse, edge, theft, paint, stolen. Blood, mole, cross, crown, crumb, crumb, crocus, cut, rabbit, roofing, edge. Circle, mug, lace, large. Rat, roof, lid, lid. Kra-cru-kra – unstressed syllable Nettle, speck, redness, starch, local historian, crab catcher, beauty, bed, crocodile, sneakers, district, circle, surroundings, okroshka, treasure, caviar, wet. Croup, cruise, circle, croupier, twist, crash, cool, circle, circle. Porch, gooseberry, shelter. Gra-gro-groo-gra – stressed syllable Grad, rook, edge, count, gram, grand, gravel, degree, thermometer, diploma, schedule, grace, proofs, game, reward. Thunder, grotto, grog, penny, bunch, roar, loud, threat, pogrom, snowdrift. Load, sadness, chest, breast, soil, pear, group, pile of Grymza, stub. Gra-gro-gra - unstressed syllable Decanter, robbery, grenade, granite, graphite, robber, citizen, gramophone, border, thunderstorm, rumble, bulk. Rude, truck. Rodent, blacks, hillocks. Hra-hro-hru-hry – stressed and unstressed syllables Snoring, temple, storage, keeper, chromate. Chrome, terry. Crunch, fragile, crystal, lens. Whirlwinds. Great – stressed syllable Ashes, right, laundress, great-grandfather, practice, holiday, righteous. Prok, away, prose, millet, sample, wire, against, plug, simple, armhole, copy, request, machinations, sermon, farewell, glimpse, sheet, durable, trial, try, lived, opposite. Rod, pond, elastic, dam. Jump, agility, pimple, jump, agility. Great – unstressed syllable Mileage, simpleton, rental, rightness, cold, products, problem, hole, provisions, province, seller, conductor, truant, ruler, trainee, product, clearing, board, awakening, justice, see off, nasty, compromising evidence. Spring, poor fellow. Jumper, jump. Bra-bro-bru-bra – stressed syllable Brother, marriage, breaststroke, bravo, gallant, meeting. Eyebrow, brooch, ford, armor, bronchi, broccoli, catchy, wandering, rabble, madman. Beam, harness. Splash, splash, cheese, splash. Bra-bru-bra – unstressed syllable Bracelet, bravado, reins, Brazilian, marriage, scold, throw, image, zebra, cobra, kindness, mop, algebra, imagination. Bar, lingonberry, hoop, get engaged. Kick. Fra-fro-fru Tailcoat, franc, dandy, phrase, freight. Transom, fragment, French. Front. Fruit, fructose. Lies-lies-lies-lies Doctor, enemy, liar, ravine. Hostility, rotation, hostility. Separately, scattered, seemingly ingrown, in a grove, in a role, in retail. Liar, hand, cut, in hand, in stream, in sleeve, in shirt. Laurels, Moors. Sra-sra-sra-sra Zra-zra Immediately, with joy. Fight, from work, on a grand scale. Deadline, urgently, with rum, with a roar, with a rose. Log house, cut down, with a gun, with sleeves. Disruption. Pupils, age. Explosion, out loud. Stra-stro-stru-stra Fear, ostrich, guard, guard, country, scary, sister, highway, foreigner. Pages, line, builder, structure, plan, compassion, island, quickly. Build, construction, line, strict, tour, mood, prison, disaster. Shavings, chicken out, string, stream, with difficulty, with a coward, instrument. Bonfires, sisters, semesters, canisters, motley, sharp, fast. Zdra Hello, healthy, health, health, long live, congratulations. Mra-nra Gloom, gloomy, obscurantist, twilight, domra, mymra. Temper, moralizing, capricious, to please.
Why does mispronunciation occur?
The sound R is sonorant, voiced, consonant, and is one of the most complex in the Russian language. Children begin to pronounce it later than others. Sometimes pathology drags on for many years due to the wrong approach to the problem. Long-term inactivity leads to a worsening of the situation; with age, a person gets used to saying “burly”; it is more difficult to relearn than to correct at an early age.
Incorrect articulation may result from:
- ingrained habits of incorrect pronunciation since childhood;
- speech apparatus defect: short frenulum, long or thick tongue, malocclusion, high palate;
- hypodynamia of the articulatory organs, when the muscles work weakly, a person is unable to put them in the desired position;
- incorrect speech perception, hearing loss;
- speech therapy disorders (dyslalia, alalia, rotacism, etc.);
- incorrect position of teeth.
It is necessary to determine the causes of incorrect speaking from childhood in order to facilitate correction. Problems of speech apparatus defects are dealt with by an orthodontist and a dentist. Physical inactivity can be corrected by a speech therapist, or in severe cases, together with a neurologist. When there is a problem with hearing, an audiologist and an otolaryngologist are involved in the work.
