History of transport
In primitive times, people moved only on their feet. However, over time, they managed to domesticate animals, which they began to use both for the rapid movement of people and for moving goods. The most famous such animal is the horse, but in some regions of the world camels and elephants were used, and in the Far North they even learned to harness dogs. To move on water, people began to build rafts, boats and ships.
Caravan
The development of progress led to the emergence of new transport. First, navigation developed - if the Romans and Greeks mainly sailed in the Mediterranean Sea, then the Portuguese in the 16th century. have already been able to travel around the world. But with the advent of the engine, people were able to create efficient transport that moved on land. The first railway was launched in 1825, and the first automobile was born in 1885.
Retro car
Back in 1783, the first hot air balloon took to the sky. However, this transport was extremely inconvenient, because it flies in the same direction where the wind blows. In 1903, the first aircraft without this drawback was built.
Water transport
Types of water transport for children are interesting, as they include all kinds of ships, boats, ferries, yachts, sailboats, paddleboards, rowing sports vessels, tourist liners, tankers, icebreakers.
This group includes civil and military vessels, hovercraft, and hydrofoils.
Rice. 3. Nuclear icebreaker "Arktika", 2021.
Types of transport
There are many classifications of transport. Depending on the environment in which transport moves, the following types are distinguished:
- ground;
- air;
- water;
- underwater;
- underground (this is the metro);
- space;
- pipeline (after all, raw materials are transported through pipelines);
- specific types of transport (escalators, cable cars, funiculars, elevators).
Ground and air transport
Transport can also be classified according to its purpose:
- cargo – intended primarily for the transportation of goods;
- passenger – transports people;
- special - performs special functions to assist people (fire trucks and airplanes, ambulances, floating power plants, research probes, military transport).
Different vehicles have different characteristics. First of all, people are interested in:
- transport speed;
- his safety;
- transport carrying capacity;
- transportation cost.
Depending on these characteristics, the type of transport used to solve a particular problem is determined. For example, air travel is very fast and considered safe, but it is also an expensive transport. Therefore, aviation transports either people, or very valuable cargo (money, gold bars), or cargo that urgently needs to be delivered. Sea transport is slow, but ships can carry huge amounts of cargo and the cost of transportation is low. For example, some tankers can transport more than 300 thousand tons of oil at a time. Therefore, many types of raw materials needed by industry are usually transported by sea. This is not only oil, but also sand, metals, alcohol, and various oils.
LEXICAL TOPIC "TRANSPORT".
https://www.liveinternet.ru/users/4619293/post211996360/
CHILDREN SHOULD KNOW OBJECTS: car, transport, bus, metro, tram, trolleybus, train, plane, ship, helicopter, boat, truck, driver, pilot, captain, traffic rules, garage, parking, stop, sidewalk, rails, road , rocket, controller, conductor, station, airport, port, pier, airfield, wheel, steering wheel, door, glass, headlights, hood, trunk, pump, driver, boat, ticket, rails, sleepers, rocket, train, dump truck, taxi , cart, bicycle, motorcycle, tractor, combine, subway, accident.
SIGNS: land, water, air, horse-drawn, fast, ambulance, jet, passenger, passenger, cargo, ambulance, fire, cleaning, railway, city, country roads, tram, trolleybus, bus stop, underground, river, sea, snow removal, police
ACTIONS: drive, sail, fly, honk, stop, turn, transport, stand, repair, repair, break, cast off, take off, land, brake, start, skip, taxi, skid.
CHILDREN SHOULD BE ABLE TO NAME IN ONE WORD: The milk truck carries milk. The concrete is being stirred by a concrete mixer. Transports cement - a cement truck. Carries water - a water carrier.
SELECT VERBS: Bus – travels, carries people, turns, slows down.. Ship – sails, sails, docks...
SELECT AN OBJECT TO THE FEATURE: Old - ... New - ... Cargo - ... Fast - ...
DESCRIBE TRANSPORT ACCORDING TO THE PLAN: Name What does it consist of (what is on top, below, on the side, in front, behind, inside)? What is it intended for? What actions does it perform? Compare two types of transport. What are the similarities and what are the differences (according to the description plan).
TRANSPORT - a set of means of transportation (trains, ships, cars, etc.), as well as a separate type of these means. Railway, passenger, water transport. Work of urban transport.
Types of transport: land (rail, city), underground, air, water.
Ground transportation:
a) railway: train (cars, steam locomotive, diesel locomotive), electric train. b) urban: passenger car, trucks (truck, dump truck, van, tank), bus, trolleybus, tram, bicycle, motorcycle, scooter, special vehicles (ambulance, fire, police, emergency, taxi).
Underground transport: metro. Metropolitan is a city electric road, usually underground.
Air transport: balloon, plane, helicopter, rocket, spaceship.
Water transport: boat (motor, rowing, with a sail, underwater), cutter, steamer, ship, barge, icebreaker, motor ship, raft.
TYPES OF TRANSPORT: freight and passenger. Cargo - goods, things that are transported somewhere. A passenger is someone who is traveling or intending to ride something.
PARTS OF TRANSPORT: headlight, body, cabin, engine, wheel, doors, tires, trunk, steering wheel, seat, pedals, brake, tail, propeller, gangway, salon, cabin, deck, mast, sides, stern, hold, lifebuoy, porthole.
TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT AND ITS MAINTENANCE: driver, carriage driver, driver, chauffeur, motorcyclist, cyclist, captain, pilot, pilot, helicopter pilot, flight attendant, navigator, controller, passenger, sailor, astronaut.
PLACES OF TRANSPORT AND PEOPLE USING IT: station, airport, airfield, helicopter station, pier, port, garage, trolleybus depot, bus depot, space, depot.
QUESTIONS FOR THE CONVERSATION:
1. What kind of transport is there? a) What is the name of a vehicle that floats on water? b) Moves by rail? c) Moves on the ground? d) Underground? d) Does it fly through the air? 2. Name (list) ground (railway, city), underground, water, air transport? 3. What types of cars do you know? (truck, passenger, special). 4. What types of trains do you know? (passenger, freight). 5. What types of aircraft do you know? (passenger, military). 6. What types of boats do you know? (motor, rowing, sailing, underwater). 7. Show and name the parts of machines? (wheels, cabin, body, headlights, steering wheel, doors). 8. Show and name the parts of the boat? (mast, sail, oars, etc.). 9. Show and name the parts of the ship? airplane? 10. Who controls a car, plane, ship, train, tram, motorcycle, etc.? (driver, pilot, pilot, captain, engineer, etc.). 11. What professions involve driving? 12. What should a driver, driver, engineer, captain, etc. be like? (attentive, polite, courteous, neat, strict, efficient, etc.). 13. Do you like driving? 14. What kind of transport do you have at home? 15. Would you like to become a driver of any transport? 16. Tell me, what transport do you use to get to kindergarten? 17. How far did you leave home and what did you use?
PUZZLES.
A house is driving along the asphalt, there are a lot of children in it. And there are reins above the roof; he cannot walk without them. (trolleybus)
Very early outside the window there was knocking and ringing and chaos. Red houses run along straight steel paths. (tram)
A steam locomotive without wheels, that's a miracle - a steam locomotive. Has he gone crazy - walked straight across the sea? (steamboat)
It doesn’t flap its wings, but flies, Not a bird, but overtakes everyone (an airplane)
He rushes and shoots, grumbles in patter. The tram can’t keep up with this chatter (motorcycle)
So that I can take you, I don’t need oats, Feed me gasoline, give me rubber for my hooves, And then, kicking up dust, the ... (car) will run.
What a miracle - a white house, there are a lot of children in it. Wears rubber shoes and eats gasoline (bus)
DIDACTIC GAME “SAY A WORD”
The word was hidden somewhere. The word is hidden and waiting. “Let the guys find me. Well, who will find me?” The house on rails is right there. He'll kill everyone in five minutes. You sit down and don’t yawn - It’s leaving... (tram)
Will not travel without gasoline Neither bus nor... (car)
It rides on two wheels, does not slip on slopes, and there is no gasoline in the tank - This is my... (bicycle)
Early in the morning along the road, dew glistens on the grass. Legs move along the road and two wheels run. The riddle has an answer. This is my... (bike)
I don't look like a piano, but I also have a pedal. Whoever is not a coward or a coward, I will give him a dashing ride. I don't have a motor. What's my name? … (bike)
Runs quickly in the wind without oars or a motor... (sailboat)
I’m called a dump truck, I dump myself... (load)
Feed me gasoline, Give me rubber for my hooves, And then, raising dust, He runs... (automobile)
Clinging to the rear tire, Mishka rides ... (car)
The whole world read the message in the newspapers that Belka and Strelka flew in ... (rockets)
Without accelerating, it takes off skyward, reminding one of a Dragonfly. Rotary wing takes flight... (helicopter)
There is silence in this house, many windows, one door. The house flies into the sky. The whole country is outside the window. The house took flight. So this is... (airplane)
Past the grove, past the ravine, The little sister rushes without smoke, rushes without steam. The steam locomotive... Who is she? ... (train)
The driver was taking a lot of brooms and baskets to the store. How pleasant it was for Zina to sit with him in ... (cabin)
I started creating a fleet. The sponge turned into... (raft)
There are no clouds on the horizon, But an umbrella has opened in the sky. A few minutes later, Descended... (parachute)
Transport and environment
Engines in vehicles must get energy from somewhere to operate. In most cases, it is obtained by burning fuel. The most common fuels used are gasoline, kerosene, and diesel. Once upon a time, ships and trains also burned solid coal.
A steam locomotive emits harmful smoke into the atmosphere
The big problem is that the combustion of all these types of fuel produces carbon dioxide and some other harmful substances. Because of this, in many cities around the world, the massive use of cars has led to deterioration in air quality. Globally, carbon dioxide emissions are causing the Earth's temperature to rise. In recent decades, governments around the world have taken measures to protect the environment. In particular, they encourage people to give up cars and use public transport.
Riddles about ground transport
Riddles about land transport for children will teach them to think about what people drive on earth.
Riddles about the car
Riddles about a car for children.
Riddle No. 46
He doesn’t want to run, he needs a driver. He himself cannot live without a leader.
(Answer: Car)
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Riddle No. 47
I drink gasoline and eat butter, although I’m not hungry at all. And without them I’m so sick that I won’t be able to go!
(Answer: Car)
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Riddle No. 48
She will easily take you to other cities. But if you are going on a trip, don’t forget to fill it up!..
(Answer: Car)
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Riddle No. 49
A house on wheels is running down the street. He gives rides to people and rumbles loudly. If he wants to drink, he’ll drink it right away and it’s worth it.
(Answer: Car)
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Riddle #50
Doesn't fly, doesn't buzz, the beetle runs down the street. And two blinding lights burn in the beetle’s eyes.
(Answer: Car)
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Truck riddles
Riddles about a truck for children with answers.
Riddle No. 51
I had a cart, but there was no horse, and suddenly it neighed, neighed and ran. Look, a cart is running without a horse!
(Answer: Truck)
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Riddle No. 52
I'm heavy, I'm big, You know, how powerful I am! I'm used to carrying loads. Who, tell me, am I?...
(Answer: Truck)
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See also:
100 unexpected answers in deception riddles
100 best riddles about SPRING with answers
100 logic riddles with a trick
Motorcycle riddles
Riddles about a motorcycle for children with answers.
Riddle No. 53
He rushes and shoots, grumbling in a patter. The tram can't keep up with this chatter.
(Answer: Motorcycle)
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Riddle #54
Rider on a steel horse! And behind him - a tail of smoke! Nowadays knights are accustomed to ride only...
(Answer: Motorcycle)
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Taxi riddles
Riddle about a taxi for children with answers.
Riddle #55
In cities, late at night, buses and trams sleep. If you need transport urgently, call a car. She will come: “I’m free! I’ll take you anywhere!”
(Answer: Taxi)
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Bicycle riddles
Bicycle riddles for children with answers.
Riddle #56
Not a dog - but with a chain. Not a horse - but with a saddle.
(Answer: Bicycle)
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Riddle No. 57
I have countless friends. There is also a goat among them. He has a cheerful voice - a ringing bell. Taking him by the horns, I'm driving along the path!
(Answer: Bicycle)
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Riddle #58
It has two wheels and a saddle on a frame. There are two pedals below, you spin them with your feet.
(Answer: Bicycle)
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Riddle #59
I don't look like a horse, but I have a saddle. There are knitting needles. I must admit, they are not suitable for knitting. Not an alarm clock, not a tram, But I’m calling, so you know.
(Answer: Bicycle)
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Riddle #60
It’s my birthday - They gave me a horse. What a wonderful one! Blue-blue. You need to ride carefully, You can hold on to the horns, It’s just a pity - there is no mane... What kind of horse?...
(Answer: Bicycle)
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