Templates of speech therapy characteristics for children of different levels for PMPC

List of speech therapy diseases in children

In children, speech therapy diagnoses come in two forms: physiological and pathological. Unlike pathological ones, physiological types disappear on their own up to 5 years. The sooner the diagnosis is made, the greater the opportunity to correct the preschooler’s speech.

Today, the list of speech therapy diseases for children is quite wide.

The main forms of diseases of the speech system

Dislalia. A preschooler cannot clearly pronounce some sounds with normal hearing and the absence of pathologies in the innervation of the articulatory apparatus. Physiological dyslalia may go away on its own within 5 years. Prevention consists of diligent speech development from 1 year.

Dysarthria is the incorrect pronunciation of words due to poor innervation of the speech apparatus in the posterior frontal and subcortical regions of the brain. Speech is like talking with porridge in your mouth. The cause is damage to the subcortical parts of the brain. Restricted mobility of the tongue and upper palate leads to difficulty in articulation. The pathology is treated with speech therapy methods, exercise therapy, and the development of fine motor skills of the fingers.

Note! Modeling from plasticine and playing with small objects will help here (provided that the parents are with the baby to avoid accidents).

This form of speech therapy disorder in preschool children is accompanied by the collapse of the speech system: impaired speech perception by ear, difficulty in reading and writing. In childhood, dysarthria often leads to impaired pronunciation of words, sometimes to general underdevelopment of speech. Speech deficiencies in dysarthria can be corrected with speech therapy sessions.

Rhinolalia is impaired speech as a result of the presence of congenital pathologies of the oral cavity: cleft lip, cleft palate. In most cases, speech is monotonous and slurred.

Reactive mutism is muteness resulting from nervous stress or psychological shock.

Speech therapy presentation for PMPC

Appendix 6.

Speech therapy presentation for primary medical education

Last name, first name of the child

Date of Birth

MARCH 20, 2003
Age
(at the time of examination) 10 years

Class

Brief history of early development

According to my mother, I developed according to age.

Speech environment and social conditions

There are no neuropsychic or speech disorders in parents and immediate relatives.

Articulatory apparatus

fine

Oral speech

General sound of speech

Speech is slurred, rhythm is normal. Uses pauses and stress correctly, speaks in monosyllables, and makes mistakes due to the immaturity of the lexical and grammatical aspects of speech (agrammatism). Intonationally inexpressive (or differentiated). Uses basic types of intonation correctly

speech understanding________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Active Dictionary

Limited, characterized by inaccuracy in the use of many words. The most affected is the use of verbs and adjectives, complex prepositional-case constructions; understanding of little-known words (boulevard, herbarium, parcel, etc.), proverbs, sayings, popular expressions. I am not familiar with rarely used vocabulary. Insufficient knowledge about the world around us.

grammatical structure of speech

Agrammatisms are observed during special research: errors in the use of complex prepositions, in the agreement of adjective and noun, verb and noun. There is a misunderstanding and differentiation of constructions with reflexive verbs (the sun illuminates the earth - the earth is illuminated by the sun.

Incorrect use of prepositional case constructions (The leaves on the trees have turned yellow.) Agrammatisms in the formation of adjectives from nouns (blueberry juice).

Incorrect use of animal names and names of baby animals.

General poverty and lack of differentiation of the grammatical means of the language.

Primitiveness of syntactic constructions.

syllabic structure of speech

Makes isolated mistakes when reproducing little-known four-syllable words with consonant clusters (mainly assimilations, simplifications of consonant clusters, omission of syllables).

Sound pronunciation

Monomorphic disorder of sound pronunciation:

Phonemic perception: /sound analysis and synthesis/

There are difficulties in differentiating hard and soft, voiced and voiceless sounds.

Connected speech

Stuttering________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Features of written speech

Dysorphography. Manifestations: a large number of spelling errors, inability to apply spelling rules according to the school curriculum for the corresponding period of study.

Dysgraphia.

Conclusion:

For recommendations based on pedagogical observations and problems in the educational process, I request the consultation of a neuropsychiatrist

Date of examination: 02/08/13. Signature of the specialist_________________

Appendix 7.

Anamnesis*

(provided at PMPC if there is no medical card from the clinic)

1. Heredity is not psychopathologically burdened / burdened

________________________________________________________________________________

2. A child from_____pregnancy that proceeded normally /with complications/ _____________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. Childbirth (term / premature) ________________________________________________

Without complications/with complications/________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Apgar score________, _weight__________, height _______________

5. Vaccinations _____________________________________________________________________

6. Diagnosis upon discharge from the maternity hospital________________________________________________

7. Early psychomotor development:

8. Diseases under one year of age_________________________________________________________________

9. After a year__________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

10. Childhood infections ____________________________________________________________

11. Operations (presence of anesthesia)______________________________________________________________

12. TBI__________________________________________________________________________ 13. Registered as “D”/not registered__________________________________________________________

14. Neurological status______________________________________________________________

15. Mental status____________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

*to be completed by the educational institution medical worker

Speech Therapy Presentation

FOR PMPK.

Speech environment and social conditions:

• There are no neuropsychic, chronic somatic diseases, or speech disorders in parents and close relatives (denied).

Speech defects in loved ones.
2- tongue.
Hereditary diseases:
The level of parents is low.
The upbringing process is under control or not, they are interested in the problems of their child, parents have little communication with the teacher (speech therapist), and do not pay enough attention.
Not enough attention is paid to appearance.
Insufficiently developed general social and everyday skills (not

neatly dressed, casually dressed, “dirty”).

Parents are not interested in the life of the class.

2. State of manual motor skills (range of movements, pace, ability to switch, presence of left-handedness):

Fine motor skills of the hands are poorly developed.
There are no impairments of manual motor skills.
Prefers to work with his left hand (or sometimes works with his left hand)
The leading ones are the right hand, the right leg, the right eye.
Head performs tests correctly; with isolated errors, slowly.
The optical-kinesthetic organization of movements is formed; not sufficiently formed: performs movements with errors, slowly.
When performing exercises on the dynamic organization of movements, inaccuracies are also observed (synchronous movements of the fingers of the right and left hands).

3. Gross motor skills:

Impaired switchability of movements (not timely, delayed).
Associated movements appear.
Impaired coordination - movements are not performed simultaneously, inaccurately.
There is a general inhibition of movements.
Characteristic motor restlessness.
Slow in movements.
General coordination is impaired. Clumsy.

4. Articulatory apparatus:

• Anatomical structure of the organs of the articulatory apparatus without

anomalies.

Facial structure
not violated (violated)
Facial muscle tone
intact or impaired (hypertonicity, hypotension, dystonia)
Mobility of facial muscles
not broken, broken

(chin tremor, hypomimia, hyperkinesis).

Lip structure
normal or abnormal (massive lips, presence of a cleft, presence of postoperative scars)
Lip tone
not impaired or impaired (hypertonicity, hypotension, dystonia)
Lip mobility
not broken or broken –

(sedentary, excessively mobile)

Structure of teeth
normal ; violations - large, small, rare, frequent, crooked, outside the jaw arch, with large gaps, absence of incisors (lower, upper); presence of extra teeth, dentition disorder.
Hypoglossal ligament
shortened
Bite
correct ; violated - anterior open, lateral open, prognathia, progenia.

Structure of the hard palate
not violated
Structure of the soft palate
and mobility is not impaired
Language structure
not broken .

Abnormalities are noted - thick, small, massive, wide, narrow, forked, shortened frenulum.

Muscle tone of the tongue
fine; impaired – spasticity, hypotension, dystonia.

Tongue mobility

not broken; disorders - hyperkinesis, tremor, deviation (deviation) of the tongue (to the right, to the left); the tongue is not removed from the oral cavity, the range of articulatory movements is limited; decreased amplitude of articulatory movements, inactive, has difficulty maintaining a posture, has difficulty switching the position of the tongue, movements of the tip of the tongue are impaired. Salivation.

• Speech motor skills

sufficiently developed; within normal limits; not enough. Performs basic articulatory movements with lips and tongue. Movements are slow. Cannot maintain the position of the organs of articulation for a long time. The coordination of movements of the tongue and lips is impaired. The differentiated movements of the tip of the tongue are slightly impaired. The range of movements of the tongue is full; incomplete. The tone is normal; sluggish. The duration of the movements and the tempo of the movements are normal. No substitutions of movements or synkenesis are observed. Synkenesis and movement replacements are noted.

5. Oral speech.

General sound of speech:

Unintelligible (clear, blurry, difficult to understand for others).
The rhythm is normal. Excessively stretched.
Speech rate is slow (fast).
Expressive.
Not rushed (excessively fast).
Little talkative.
Uses pauses and stress correctly.
He speaks in monosyllables.
Makes mistakes due to unformed lexical and grammatical aspects of speech (agrammatism).
Intonationally inexpressive (or differentiated). Uses basic types of intonation correctly.
Speech intelligibility is not impaired.
Speech intelligibility is slightly reduced.
There is arrhythmia, a slowdown in rhythm at the end of a phrase or text.
Uses word stress correctly.
There is no logical stress.
Uses pauses in speech too often.
The voice is quiet, strong, sonorous, hoarse, trembling, nasalized.

(Voice (normal volume / loud / quiet / fading / dull / ringing / monotonous, weakly modulated / modulated.)

• Breathing type

diaphragmatic, speech breathing is smooth; not smooth enough, speech exhalation is long; not long (4-5 words).

6. Speech understanding:

Difficult, instructions require repeated explanation.
He understands the speech of others in accordance with his level of intelligence.
The state of biological hearing according to the medical record is normal.
The state of speech perception is normal. Correctly performs actions according to verbal instructions.

7. Lexicon:

Passive and active vocabulary is characterized by poverty and inaccuracy in the use of many words.
The use of verbs and adjectives suffers most; generalizing nouns, understanding little-known words (apiary, beehive, waterfall, shoulder straps, hammock, trunk, fountain, boulevard, herbarium, parcel, etc.)
Limited, poor. Sufficient. Relatively developed.
Insufficient knowledge about the world around us.
Familiar with rarely used vocabulary.
The relations of antonymy and synonymy are unformed.
Low level of practical generalizations.
Difficulties in understanding and using vocabulary.

8. Grammatical structure of speech:

a) No violations. No agrammatisms were found in spontaneous speech.

b) Agrammatisms are observed during special research: errors in the use of complex prepositions, in the agreement of adjective and noun, verb and noun.

c) Agrammatisms when forming adjectives from nouns, when forming new words by analogy.

d) Gross violations.

In speech he uses mainly simple common sentences. In rare cases, complex sentences are noted.
Makes sentences based on supporting words.
Complex sentences based on pictures (uses conjunctions - a, but, and).
Complex sentences are noted only in isolated cases (because; despite; although; when; which; therefore).
Errors in the use of prepositional-case prepositions, complex prepositions, case endings of plural nouns;
There are agrammatisms in normal speech; incorrect agreement adj. with noun (The girl has a red dress)
Incorrect use of prepositional case constructions (The leaves on the trees have turned yellow.)
There is a misunderstanding and differentiation of constructions with reflexive verbs (the sun illuminates the earth - the sun illuminates the earth)
Agrammatisms in the formation of adjectives from nouns (blueberry juice).
Incorrect use of animal names, names of baby animals
Corresponds to the developmental characteristics of his mental development; children of primary school age.
Understands and uses prepositions.
Uses prefixes to form nouns. and ch.
General poverty and lack of differentiation of the grammatical means of the language.
primitiveness of syntactic structures.

Types of violations:

changing nouns by case;
agreement of nouns with numerals 1,2,5.
forming the plural of nouns,
formation of adjectives from nouns,
formation of prefixed verbs;
understanding of prepositional-case constructions (others)

11. Phonemic awareness

(not broken/broken)
, sound analysis and synthesis:

violations in sound-letter analysis due to insufficient formation of thinking operations (analysis and synthesis).
Sound differentiation is not impaired. Unsustainable skill. Single or multiple errors. Inability to complete tasks.
Correctly differentiates the studied sounds by ear or has an unstable auditory differentiation skill (showing pictures - cat kit).
When reproducing a series of syllables with phonetically similar sounds with errors, he makes isolated errors.
It is difficult to determine or correctly determine the number and sequence of words in sentences (with conjunctions and prepositions).
The ability to distinguish a sound from the background of a word has been developed. Determines the presence or absence of a sound in a word, the sequence and number of sounds in a word, its place in a word. Determines the first sound in words correctly, but makes mistakes when determining the last sound. Makes mistakes when identifying sounds in the middle or at the end of a word.
The ability to determine the place of a sound in a word in relation to other sounds has not been developed. Made numerous mistakes (in the word GOAT the sound “Z” is heard before the sound “K”)
There are difficulties in differentiating hard and soft, voiced and voiceless sounds.
Phonemic synthesis
formed. Correctly reproduces words from the sequential names of sounds (r-u-k-a, s-t-a-k-a-n, pasta, crow).
Phonemic representations
sufficiently formed, insufficiently formed, not formed. Comes up with words for given sounds, selected pictures with 5 sounds in the name. However, he made isolated mistakes in the task of coming up with words of 5 sounds.

10. State of language analysis and synthesis

Correctly/incorrectly determines the sequence and number of words in sentences with prepositions: “Katya is going for a walk” (2). “There is a book on the table” (3). “Children are skating” (5). “It can be very hot in summer” (3), etc.

Made mistakes when determining the sequence of words in a sentence. In the sentence “there was a blue vase on the table,” the word “vase” comes after the word “table,” etc.

The synthesis is not disrupted. Correctly composes sentences from sequentially given words.

11. State of sound pronunciation

Monomorphic disorder of sound pronunciation: velar rotacism/

lateral sigmatism of sibilants/ uvular rhotacism.

Currently, there are no problems with sound pronunciation. Sound pronunciation is not impaired.
Polymorphic disorder of sound pronunciation: lateral sigmatism of sibilants, lateral rhotacism.

12. Sound-syllable structure of speech:

Safe. There are no violations of the sound-syllable structure of the word. In spontaneous speech, the sound-syllable structure of the word is not disrupted.
Correct reproduction of words of different syllable structures.
Inability to reproduce words.
Impairment in phrasal speech; rearranges or increases syllables; substitutions, omissions, repetitions.
Makes isolated mistakes when reproducing little-known four-syllable words with consonant clusters (mainly assimilations, simplifications of consonant clusters, omission of syllables).

Pronunciation of words with complex syllabic composition.

reduction of consonant groups: ( +/ - )
Stopping the sound of a consonant at the end of a word: ( +/ — )
Dropping the initial consonant: ( +/ — )
adding an extra consonant to a syllable: ( +/ — )
rearrangement of sounds in a word: ( +/ -)
syllable assimilation: ( +/ — )
reduction in the number of syllables: ( +/ - )
adding the number of syllables: ( +/ — )

13. State of visual function

1) The state of biological vision according to the medical card is normal.

2) State of higher visual-spatial functions:

a) the body diagram is formed;

b) correctly determines the location of objects (right or left);

c) he did not perform all of Head’s tests correctly (difficulties in determining the right and

left parts of the body of the person sitting opposite);

d) correctly compiled pictures cut into 6-8 parts, starting with 8

made isolated mistakes;

e) the construction of figures from sticks according to the model is not impaired. Difficulty

design and reconstruction of geometric figures according to

presentation. According to verbal instructions, I couldn’t cope with many

tasks.

3) State of speech-visual functions (according to the album of optical and visual

tests): names all printed and handwritten letters correctly.

Recognizes shaded, superimposed, unfinished,

letters written in mirror and dotted lines, graphically similar letters.

The construction of letters is generally correct, allowing only

isolated errors.

Makes mistakes in reconstructing letters from elements.

The idea of the structure of the visual image of handwritten letters is impaired (cannot verbally explain what elements the letter “v” consists of, how “t” and “p” differ).

14. A story based on a series of plot pictures

Criterion of semantic integrity

2) The criterion for the lexical and grammatical format of a statement.

Retelling the text you listened to

Peas.

There were peas in one pod. A week has passed. The pod opened and the peas merrily rolled out into the boy’s palm. The boy loaded the gun with peas and fired. Three peas flew onto the roof. There they were eaten by pigeons. And one pea rolled into a ditch. She sprouted. Soon it turned green and became a curly pea bush.

Criteria of semantic integrity.

2) Criteria for lexico-grammatical format

3) Criteria for independent implementation.

16. Characteristics of reading.

1. Reading technique:

Letter by letter
Syllabic
Age appropriate/inappropriate
Automated/non-automated

Breathing while reading:

Right/Wrong
With intonations
Breathing rhythm disturbance.

Expressiveness.

Monotonous/expressive.

Reading comprehension.

In full / difficult.

14. Characteristics of the letter.

No spelling errors.
When copying, errors (single, multiple) are (not) observed.
There are numerous errors in dictations and presentations.
Graphic errors: missing elements or extra elements. The difficulty is in orientation on the notebook sheet, in finding the beginning of the line. Difficulty holding a line. Constant fluctuations in the inclination and height of letters, inconsistency of letter elements in size, separate writing of letters within a word. Difficulties in updating the graphic and motor image of the desired letter, replacing visually similar and closely written letters (K - N), replacing handwritten letters with printed ones, an unusual way of writing letters, especially capital ones. Consistent specularity when writing the letters Z, E, E, S. Replacement of letters U - Ch, d-b, d-v.
The impossibility of creating the skill of ideogram writing (“class robot”, “exercise”, “keno” instead of “cinema”).
Specific errors: perseveration (inert repetition) of letters, syllables, words, types of tasks; omissions of letters and syllables; anticipation (anticipation) of letters, for example, “poklovok” - float; contamination (sticking together) of words. Lack of emphasis at the beginning of the sentence. Omission and replacement of vowels, including stressed ones. Violation of the order of letters. Tendency towards phonetic writing (“radono” instead of “joyfully”, “ruchyi” - “streams”)

Difficulties in isolating a holistic image of a word, as a result of which two significant words, words with prepositions are written together; later, due to overgeneralization of the rules for writing prepositions, prefixes are written separately from the roots.

Spelling mistakes
The ability to check has not been developed (does not check; if it checks, it does not see errors / does not see errors or corrects incorrectly).
The writing pace is slow.

Conclusions:

First half of 1st grade:
difficulties in mastering writing. They manifest themselves in unclear knowledge of the letters of the alphabet, difficulties in translating a phoneme into a grapheme, and in translating a printed grapheme into a written one.
Second half of first grade or beginning of 2nd grade:
disruption of the formation of writing processes. Manifestations: replacement and mixing of written and printed letters according to various criteria, difficulty in merging letters, syllables, syllables into words, writing words without vowels, fused writing of several words or separate spelling of words.
Second half of 2nd year of study –
dysgraphia.

Third year of study –

dysorthography. Manifestations: a large number of spelling errors, inability to apply spelling rules according to the school curriculum for the corresponding period of study.

Conclusion for the ZPR:

(1 CL.) Reading and writing impairment caused by OHP (FFN, FN).
The pace of smoothness is of a convulsive (non-judicial) nature.
(2-3 grades) Residual phenomena of insufficient development of language means at the level of oral and written speech.
(recommission) Reading and writing disorders caused by insufficient development of language means, with a predominance of inferiority of the sound or semantic side of speech.

A speech therapy report can be:
FNR,
FFNR,
ONR-3,
NVONR,
LGNR,
sound pronunciation is normal, speech is within the age norm.

Recommendations:

Based on pedagogical observations and problems in the educational process, I request a consultation with a neuropsychiatrist.

Areas of speech correction work recommended on the basis of a diagnostic speech therapy examination.

(highlight the directions carried out during the correction course; circle all the areas of work necessary for the patient).

1. Development of auditory perception.

Development of phonemic analysis and synthesis (discrimination of consonants based on the characteristics of voiced/voiceless, place of formation, hardness/softness;

determination of phoneme in a word/phonemic composition of words; naming words with a given phoneme.

3.Development of speech breathing, practicing oral and nasal exhalation.

4.. Stimulation of the velopharyngeal closure, activation of articulation, development of mobility of the articulatory apparatus.

5. Work on the voice (removing nasalization, developing intonation expressiveness, speeding up / slowing down the rate of speech, developing a soft voice).

6. Correction of sound pronunciation: ________________________

7. Education of kinesthesia necessary for speech.

8. Development of passive and active vocabulary (nouns, verbs, adjectives).

9. Development of the grammatical structure of speech.

10. Development of speech understanding.

11. Development of auditory-visual attention.

12. Development of memory (auditory, verbal, visual).

13. Formation of cognitive skills (discrimination of shape, color, number of objects).

14. Formation of elementary mathematical concepts.

15. Development of gross/fine motor skills.

Guidelines for writing characteristics for children with speech impairments for PMPK

Recommendations are drawn up in the form of a small protocol, which indicates the structure of the speech apparatus, hearing assessment, and mental health. As a result, a conclusion is made, the result is displayed and a speech therapy diagnosis is made.

Speech therapy characteristics for a child with level 3 neurodevelopmental disorders at the primary medical complex

Vetvitskaya Anastasia goes to Kindergarten No. 14. Speech is not developed correctly, she cannot pronounce the sounds K, G, D, T. The motor skills of her fingers act passively and do not obey. Parents did not suffer from speech pathology in childhood. The right hand predominates in movements over the left. The facial structure complies with the norms. The task of frowning eyebrows and wrinkled cheeks is poorly performed. Facial muscles are poorly developed.

The structure of the mouth. Language. The root is in a tense state, the tip is passive, flaccid, the general structure corresponds to the norm.

Speech is incomprehensible, monotonous, voice is ringing. In the task to repeat a sentence, he misses syllables and does not pronounce some letters. Has a small vocabulary, misses pronouns in communication, and may confuse prepositions in tense.

Do parents in kindergarten need consultations on speech therapy?

Result: observation showed that the child has a level 3 speech disorder.

Speech therapy characteristics for a child with level 2 neurodevelopmental disorders at primary care

Denis Tukonov is in the senior group, his family is complete, his parents have higher education. The presence of speech pathologies was not identified.

Motor skills are poorly developed, movements are slow, often inhibited.

The anatomical structure of the speech apparatus is without any peculiarities: the structure of the face corresponds to the norm. The milk teeth are being replaced by permanent ones. The hypoglossal ligament is without any features (not stretched, not shortened). There is hypotonicity of the lingual muscle.

Speech is not expressive, sounds are poorly pronounced, and the conversation is incomprehensible to others. The voice is quiet, dull. Facial expressions function poorly.

Hearing from the phonemic level is not sufficiently formed. During a conversation, he mixes unvoiced and voiced sounds. The outline of the word is pronounced unclearly and illegibly.

The structure of speech on a grammatical basis is not well developed. The experiment showed gross underdevelopment of coherent speech. Denis retold 1-2 sentences instead of a full semantic story.

Note! Mental health is normal.

Result: Observation established level 2 speech underdevelopment.

An approximate plan for writing a speech therapy profile for a child with level 4 ODD at the PMPK

Preparatory group, Ksenia Zhuravskaya goes to classes every day, communicates with her peers as best she can. The family is complete and prosperous. There are no speech disorders on the part of the parents. Relatives actively take part in speech development: they conduct independent classes at home.

General motor skills suffer, coordination of movements is impaired, inaccuracies in motor processes and inhibition are noticeable. The right hand is the main one.

The anatomical location of the speaking apparatus in the oral cavity corresponds to the norm. The hypoglossal ligament is normal. The tongue is in tense tone and inactive. The teeth are replaced with molars. When performing articulation tasks, muscle spasms appear. In conversation, syntactic sentence structures are used. Retells the story from pictures independently, using a wide vocabulary. Presents the story accurately and assembles the story logically.

Result: as a result of observation, the commission diagnosed speech underdevelopment as level 4, nvonr.

Hint for writing speech therapy characteristics

CHARACTERISTIC

The structure is normal or with deviations: The severity of the nasolabial folds, their symmetry, the mouth is open or closed; presence of drooling; the nature of the lip line and the density of their closure; are there any violent movements (hyperkinesis) of the facial muscles. LIPS (thick, shortened, cleft upper lip, postoperative scars, normal), TEETH (sparse, crooked, small, extra, outside the jaw arch, carious, underdeveloped, normal), BITE (open anterior, open lateral, normal), STRUCTURE OF THE JAW (progenia, prognathia, normal), TONGUE (thick, flattened, tense, small, long, narrow, normal), HYPOGLOUS FRENALE (short, tense, incremented, normal), SMALL TONGUE (absent, shortened, forked, hanging motionless along the middle lines, deviates to the side) PALATE (high, excessively narrow, flat, low, cleft of the hard palate, cleft of the alveolar process, submucosal cleft, normal).

Prosody

Prosodich. the side of speech is impaired; formed with deviations; has no deviations

VOICE (quiet, noisy, hoarse, unmodulated, sharp, noisy, nasalized, fading, normal) TEMP (very fast, accelerated, normal, slow) MELODIC-INTONATIONAL SIDE OF SPEECH (expressive speech, inexpressive, monotonous, devoid of complex and subtle emotions -colored shades) BREATHING (normal, intermittent upper, noisy; weak shortened exhalation)

Phonemic awareness

- difficulties in analyzing sounds that are disturbed in pronunciation;

- with formed articulation, inability to distinguish sounds belonging to different phonetic groups;

- inability to determine the presence and sequence of sounds in a word.

Primary level. Phonemic perception is primarily impaired. The prerequisites for mastering sound analysis and the level of sound analysis activities are not sufficiently formed. Secondary level. Phonemic perception is impaired for the second time. Speech kinesthesia disorders are observed due to anatomical defects of the speech organs. The normal auditory-pronunciation interaction, the most important mechanism for the development of pronunciation, is disrupted.

Articulatory motor skills

Movements of the articulatory apparatus are active, sluggish, passive; range of motion full, incomplete; replacement of movements is present, absent; there is a sequence of transition from one movement to another; the period of inclusion in the movement is expressed; at a slow pace, with the appearance of friendly movements, tremor, hyperkinesis, salivation; maintaining the pose fails; movements are not performed; motor tension; motor activity, disinhibition; exhaustion of movements.

3sound pronunciation

Pronunciation is normal; distortion; absence of sound, replacement, confusion of pronunciation; monomorphic, polymorphic disorder. The articulation of many groups of sounds is impaired: hissing, whistling, sonorants, and sometimes vowels.

Sound-syllable structure

The nature of the distortion of the syllabic structure is noted (reduction of syllables - hammer - "skein"; simplification of syllables, omission of syllables - chair - "tul"; assimilation of syllables - stool - "tattoo"; addition of sounds, syllables - room - "komonamata", table - " satiol"; rearrangement of syllables and sounds - tree - "devero").

Grammatical structure of speech

type of sentence: absent, nominative, simple uncommon, simple common, complex, complex, with homogeneous members, complicated by participial and adverbial phrases; various types of proposals are used adequately to the plan; sentence length (average length); degree of expression of agrammatism, if present: absence of grammatical forms, rudiments of grammatical design, use of individual grammatical forms (which ones?), gross agrammatism, non-coarse agrammatism, individual agrammatisms (which ones?), unstable errors; level of manifestation of agrammatism: inflection, word formation, syntax; the nature of agrammatism: lack of grammatical means, confusion of models, hypergeneralization, violation of word order in a sentence, omissions (replacements, confusion) of prepositions, etc.

Language analysis

Omissions of letters and syllables, rearrangements of letters and syllables, addition of letters and syllables, combined spelling of words, especially prepositions with other words, arbitrary division of words, separate writing of prefixes and roots

Dictionary

Word formation

— Poverty of vocabulary; inaccurate use of words; difficulties in updating the dictionary; the meaning of the words used does not correspond to the actual meaning of the word; does not know the names of many objects that surround them (gloves, alarm clock, mug), the names of individual parts of objects (cover, page, frame, window sill); The children's vocabulary is dominated by nouns with specific meanings; there are no words of a general nature (furniture, dishes, shoes, clothes). There is inaccurate use of words and paraphasia. Substitutions of words based on semantic similarity are predominant. There is a confusion of words of the same kind or type. So, in a word, boots

children call
boots, shoes, galoshes
;
in a word , shirt
-
jacket, shirt, sweater, jacket
. The “subject correlation” of the word prevails.

— Incorrect use of gender of nouns (one apple); from nouns that have only a singular number, they form the plural (many pencils, many hedgehogs); errors in the formation of plural forms (calves, pigs, chickens, lambs, numbers, etc.), the formation of the genitive case and accusative case of the plural of nouns (without both eyes, many mice, books, dolls); incorrect formation of words using prefixes, suffixes, roots. difficulties in forming adjectives from the form of a noun (stone - stone), diminutive forms, verbs with prefixes (poured - poured - poured). Mainly uses suffixal word formation. However, the number of suffixes is very small.

Understanding logical-grammatical relations

understands the actions indicated in the pictures, follows instructions like “Show who is sitting, who is sleeping.” Follows a two-step instruction: “Go to the kitchen and bring a cup.” Understands the meaning of prepositions in a familiar specific situation - “What are you sitting on?” Understands short stories and fairy tales read (with reference to a picture, and then without it). understands complex sentences and the meaning of prepositions outside of a specific familiar situation. Follows two-step instructions like: “Go to the kitchen, bring a cup.” performs verbal tasks with prepositions: behind, between, next to, to, etc. Completes three consecutive commands. Understands conditional sentences with the word “if”. Understands the grammatical form of sentences like “The picture was painted by Masha.”

Connected speech

Semantic integrity: The story has a broken logical sequence and connection between its individual parts. Coherent texts often consist of separate fragments that do not form a single whole, and are characterized by brevity and conciseness of presentation. children skip many important parts of the text and convey the content in a simplified manner. A lack of understanding of cause-and-effect, temporal, and spatial relationships is revealed. Based on random associations, they invent events and details that are missing in the text.

Lexico-grammatical design: simple uncommon sentences; simple common sentences, most often including a direct object (The girl picks flowers), sometimes circumstances of place (The children go to school). In independent speech, often there are fragmentary sentences with the omission of a subject, or a predicate, or both a subject and a predicate, and are poorly developed. Morphological generalizations, ideas about the morphological composition of a word and the syntactic connections of words in a sentence are extremely poor and unclear; the system of grammatical meanings is not sufficiently formed. The underdevelopment of the lexico-grammatical structure of speech is especially pronounced in coherent speech.

Independence in performing: question-answer and situational speech. need constant stimulation from an adult, systematic help, which manifests itself either in the form of questions or hints.

Motivation plays an important role in the nature of coherent statements.

EXAMINATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARGATION (conclusions)

1. Systemic underdevelopment of severe speech with mental retardation.

Speech therapy characteristics: polymorphic disorder of sound pronunciation; gross underdevelopment of phonemic perception and phonemic analysis and synthesis (both complex and simple forms); limited vocabulary; pronounced agrammatisms, manifested in violation of both complex and simple forms of inflection and word formation: in the incorrect use of reliable forms of nouns and adjectives, in violation of prepositional-case constructions, agreement between adjective and noun, verb and noun; unformed word formation; lack of coherent speech or its severe underdevelopment (1-2 sentences instead of retelling).

2. Moderate systemic underdevelopment of speech with mental retardation.

Speech therapy characteristics: polymorphic or monomorphic pronunciation disorder, underdevelopment of phonemic perception and phonemic analysis (in some cases there are the simplest forms of phonemic analysis, but significant difficulties are observed when performing more complex forms of phonemic analysis); agrammatisms manifested in complex forms of inflection (prepositional-case constructions, agreement between an adjective and a neuter noun in the nominative case, as well as in oblique cases); violation of complex forms of word formation; insufficient formation of coherent speech (in retellings there are omissions and distortions of semantic links, a violation of the sequence of events); severe dyslexia, dysgraphia.

3. Systemic mild speech underdevelopment with mental retardation.

Speech therapy characteristics: sound pronunciation disorders are absent or monomorphic in nature; phonemic perception, phonemic analysis and synthesis are basically formed; there are only difficulties in determining the number and sequence of sounds on complex speech material; vocabulary is limited; in spontaneous speech, only isolated agrammatisms are noted; special research reveals errors in the use of complex prepositions, violations of agreement between adjectives and nouns in oblique plural cases, and violations of complex forms of word formation; in the retellings there are main semantic links, only minor omissions of secondary semantic links are noted, and some semantic relationships are not reflected; There is mild dysgraphia.

The speech therapy report determines:

1) the degree of systemic underdevelopment of speech,

2) oral speech disorders,

3) violations of written speech.

Approximate wording of a speech therapy report:

• Moderate systemic underdevelopment of speech with mental retardation. Erased form of pseudobulbar dysarthria. Complex form of dysgraphia (acoustic dysgraphia, dysgraphia due to impaired language analysis and synthesis).

• Systemic mild speech underdevelopment with mental retardation, mechanical dyslalia. Agrammatic dyslexia and dysgraphia.

How to help a mentally retarded child master speech

A speech therapy program for children with mental retardation according to the Federal State Educational Standard is specially developed after diagnosis by the teaching staff. The research results are displayed immediately after the examination.

Work program on speech therapy for mentally retarded children according to the Federal State Educational Standard

For each unpronounceable sound, a program should be developed in which children can improve their speech skills. Lessons in non-verbal and partially verbal communication will allow the preschooler to restore the articulatory apparatus.

The first and second stages of the program involve diagnosing and preparing children for classes. Fine motor skills, speech, attention, and thinking also develop here. The lack of development of one element in the process suspends the normal development of speech.

Third stage. Sounds are corrected, phonemic hearing develops, vocabulary expands, and correct speech is built on the basis of lexical and grammatical definitions.

Fourth stage. After the course of the speech therapy program, an assessment is given and the result is compared with the initial lesson.