Who is entitled to Putin's payments of 10,000 rubles or 15,000 rubles to pensioners in November 2021 for self-isolation

Article:

At the age of 5-6 years, the child’s pronunciation practically reaches its language norm.
At the same time, in some children, age-related speech imperfections turn into a permanent defect due to a number of individual or even pathological features in development. A problem with the sound R in a child with a full-fledged speech apparatus and hearing is a common disorder, and is called rhotacism in speech therapy. This is one of the types of dyslalia, which, in turn, is further divided into functional and mechanical, with a difference in the root cause of difficulties with sound.

Reasons for the absence of "P"

Speech breathing problems

The direct relationship between breathing and correct speech is very close. If there are no problems, the child inhales through the nose. But for a number of reasons, breathing can become oral or mixed, which leads to deformation of the nasal structure, weakness of the orbicularis oris muscle, and unnatural displacement or drooping of the tongue. Most often, variants of this problem manifest themselves as follows:

exhalation is intermittent, short, with gradual acceleration;
breathing is arrhythmic and shallow;
when inhaling and exhaling, the child twitches his shoulders or head, strongly strains his facial and neck muscles;
breathing occurs with a delay or additional breaths;
the child speaks both while exhaling and while inhaling;
the breathing rhythm is easily lost during emotional or physical stress;
the air stream is very weak, passes between the edge of the tongue and the cheek, thus creating a squelching sound.

Malocclusion

Anomalies in the relationship between the upper and lower dentition have many causes: from heredity and bad childhood habits to underdevelopment of the jaw muscles and intrauterine pathologies in the mother. The main types of pathological occlusion, due to which sound pronunciation suffers, are:

prognathic – the upper jaw is strongly shifted forward;
progenic – the lower jaw moves forward excessively;
cross – teeth of different sizes, shapes and are displaced in the horizontal plane, the upper or lower jaw is excessively shifted to the left or right;
open - even with closed teeth, a gap remains between the upper and lower rows.

It is not too late to start correcting your bite at any age, but do not forget that the later the correction begins, the more difficult and lengthy it will be.

Speech hearing impairments

Speech hearing refers to the following natural abilities of a child:

a sense of the tempo of speech and the ability to reproduce it (rhythmic);
the ability to accurately recognize and distinguish speech phonemes (phonemic);
perception of speech melody (sound pitch);
perception of sounds that differ in sound, volume and pitch (physical);
the ability to correctly hear and repeat changes in voice timbre (tonal).

To one degree or another, dysfunction of phonemic hearing leads to confusion, replacement, or complete ignoring of P in children's speech.

Insufficient development of the articulatory apparatus

For the production of the sound P, the physiology and condition of the muscles of the tongue, the orbicularis oris muscle, the mobility of the lips, cheeks and even the lower jaw are of great importance. The tongue may be either too large and massive, or, on the contrary, very small, and the lips may be short, thick and inactive. Using simple tests in the form of special exercises, the speech therapist assesses the state of the baby’s articulatory apparatus and selects the most optimal preparatory exercises for setting P in the near future.

Individual structure of the frenulum

A significantly shortened hyoid ligament creates serious obstacles to the mobility of the tongue, thereby automatically leading to defective pronunciation of R. Attentive parents can detect such a pathology on their own by the following signs:

it is extremely difficult for a child to reach the upper front teeth and palate with the tip of his tongue;
when asked to show the tongue, its forked, flat or square shape is observed;
the baby has great difficulty moving the tongue quickly in the mouth from side to side;
in the process of eating solid food, the child often experiences a gag reflex;
the pronunciation of L, as well as all voiced and hissing sounds, is unclear.

Sound production methods

Sound production always occurs in a fairly strict sequence, without which the effectiveness may be questionable, and you will have to wait a long time for the final result. In this regard, the phasing of professional speech therapy work consists of:

development and training of phonemic perception of sound;
breathing exercises;
articulatory gymnastics;
direct sound production;
automation and differentiation of sound during pronunciation.

If the child clearly perceives P by ear, the very first stage can be easily excluded.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound “R”

To achieve correct articulation of P from the baby, two types of preparatory exercises are needed. The first type helps to develop the necessary mobility of the tongue, realize its correct position and obtain a fricative R - the articulation is the same as with a full R, but so far without vibration. And the second type of exercise is completely aimed at developing a characteristic vibration.

The first type includes the following exercises:

“Brushing the teeth” - with the tip of the tongue, the child carefully brushes first the upper teeth inside and out, and then the lower ones.

“White the ceiling” - with the tip of the tongue the child makes movements across the palate back and forth.

“Swing” - the mouth is slightly open, the baby rhythmically tries to reach as far as possible with the tip of the tongue, first to the nose, and then to the chin.

“Funny clock” - the sharp tongue makes quick movements from the left corner of the mouth to the right and vice versa.

“Mushroom” - the mouth is wide open, the lips are in a smile, the tip of the tongue is firmly sucked into the palate and held for several seconds. The exercise requires 5-10 repetitions.

“Accordion” - the position of the tongue is the same as in the “Mushroom” exercise, with the difference that the child, without lifting the tongue from the palate, opens and closes his mouth as wide as possible.

Staging from the sound Z – the exercise is effective if the baby’s Z is distinct and clean. The child pronounces a long “F” with effort, while simultaneously moving his tongue back, deep into the mouth. If everything goes correctly, you will soon hear a short R.

“Horse” - the child sounds the clicking sound of a horse with a completely relaxed tongue.

Exercises to develop vibration:

“Drummer” - the mouth is slightly open, the tip of the tongue rests firmly on the inside of the upper teeth. The child loudly and clearly repeats d-d-d-d-d as he exhales, without closing his mouth. It is necessary to ensure that the lower jaw remains completely motionless.

Using a similar principle, without changing the initial position of the lips and tongue, we alternately add vowels to the sound d: d-d-dda, d-d-dda, d-d-ddo, d-d-ddu.

Installation by mechanical method

To produce sound in this way, you will need a Sharik speech therapy probe. Some people successfully replace it with small spoons, a therapeutic spatula, all kinds of rounded sticks, and even use a finger: their own or a child’s finger. Of course, in this case, hands must be thoroughly washed.

The child's tongue is pressed tightly against the inside of the upper teeth, and the baby pronounces z-z-z-z-z for a long time, while simultaneously moving the tongue back to the hard palate. At this time, a probe or its substitute is placed in the center of the tongue, and the speech therapist makes rapid movements with the probe from side to side, thus causing vibration.

By analogy, you can use D as other reference sounds: while exhaling, with the mouth slightly open, the child repeatedly repeats d-d-d-d-d-d, while the speech therapist uses a probe or finger to make very fast oscillatory movements of the tongue in different directions.

Over time, mechanical assistance loses its relevance and is only partially used: the child begins vibrating the tongue with the help of a finger, but finishes successfully on his own.

Word combinations and phrases starting with the sound R

Phrases starting with the sound R at the beginning and at the end of words in monosyllabic words.

Cancer digs, red slave, Roy is glad, bright paradise, rum is open, dig a ditch, spin the roll, role of a slave, cut rye, swarm of hornets, spin the steering wheel, drop the ruble, lynx roar, lynx growls, dug a ditch, dig a ditch, steam soars , red ball, bar open, generous gift, throat heat, type of cheese, dig a drill, rare bore, fat discovered, a lot of chickens, red thief, shooting gallery open, bright world, mountain feast, torn cord, loud argument, collecting rye, loud choir, chicken yard, lynx's gaze, erased the ball, cedar grows, Karl rules, the leopard growls, the bard sobs, the park is closed, wrap the scarf, the side of the ship, the lynx's pile, Karl's hump, a loud bugle, the port is open, turf of grass, red court, walrus growls, brewing fruit juice, round cake, market bargaining, peat is burning, pink cake, red Ford, handful of willow, level course, bitter alcohol, circus is working, coat of arms up, rusty sickle, level pole, market start, rugby sport, pink fruit juice , storming the market, frosty March, fish oil, Roquefort cheese, glad to express, open mouth, dig a ditch, chew rye, open mouth, pond surrounded, large hail, cleaning up the yard, royal throne, huge hail, old sadness, short tailcoat, liar stole, a blackbird crushes, a swarm of mosquitoes, a rhinoceros horn, the edge of a circle, the enemy dug, a fisherman dug, they play apart, there was thunder, the ruble was torn, Rus' is wide, the boulevard of roses, a burgundy scarf.

Phrases with the sound R at the beginning, in the middle of a word in 2 complex words with an open syllable.

Rama Raya, glad to Raya, Romina wounded, Raya glad, twist the horns, cook the stew, for the sake of Roma, the dew falls, digs early, Roma is glad, Rora is glad, the company digs, the rose ripens, the grove burns, the wound of the hand, the ore is discovered, the fish - ball, digs a hole, Roma's container, a pair of crayfish, willow bark, a chicken digs, Lyra plays, Roma's measure, the truck's headlight, the truck is working, the hole is torn, it's time to grow, Vera to grow, Nyura work, Kira swarm, Shura growl, workers' quarrel, lyre feather, work bureau, raw fish, old frame, good Raya, laceration, steep horns, black slaves, various stews, steep mountain, Roma romantic, roses bloomed, for the sake of the homeland, ruddy Yura, early in the morning, regional rally, right hand , undress Roma, spread out the company, unclench hands, unravel the runes, straighten the hand, searching for a thief, trying a pen, the scent of a rose, mountains are collapsing, knead the puree, giraffe horns.

Phrases with the sound R at the beginning, in the middle of a word in 3 complex words with an open syllable.

The radio is working, Raisa scolds, the rainbow disappears, the grove is happy, the rocket takes off, the willow is ripening, work pleases, generous Russia, loud walkie-talkie, previously pleased, seedlings are growing, the grove is on fire, crooked face, torn shirt, work routine, mountain ruins, blush , the mountain is collapsing, a huge fish, a redhead is prowling, the ruins of a cave, Tamara pleases, a shepherd's kennel, a guitar is playing, plywood is cracking, tinsel is scattered, a red beard, an orphan is working, a red dried apricot is playing, an opera is playing, a willow tree is supporting, a loon is growing, a bully is scolding, camera works, red skin, a chic sheepskin, a bill is torn, a manner of speaking, a vixen swears, a mirror lake, a wide road, a crow croaks, the gates are open, a magpie is chattering, luxurious mansions, a timid cow, Romina's crown, Marusya is rejoicing, the lady madam, a pink trough, loud radio, fast rocket, hard work, cunning crow, radio works, native Russia, loud walkie-talkie, opens sails, mark the road, radio woke up, break the rapier, red rouge, native Russia, smooth road, roar of the engine, routine work, shirt sleeve , Seraphim is an orphan.

Phrases starting with the sound R at the beginning, in the middle of a word in 2 complex words with an open syllable, with a confluence in the middle of the word.

Relatives are crying, are relatives, building a ranch, they used to cry, straight frame, torn wound, grow smoothly, straight horns, rusty felling, bright rumbo, sharp handle, fat knuckle, rusty gun, pink snout, large fish, trot of a lynx, digging a ditch , round arch, loud harp, wet stamp, old school desk, huge map, rusty barge, brighter than the rainbow, old hag, Margot's joy, transparent gauze, bright parka, peppery kharcho, steep slide, wet mink, food norm, crust crust, uniform cake, stock exchange trading, large grater, short shorts, corn kernels, open window, damage to parkas, wrestlers' fight, black burka, purring Murka, terrible blizzard, heavy trash can, acting courses, sea tour, hot yurt, red persimmon, torn jacket, I rub a piece of wood, a formidable viper, a hole in my pocket, a torn tag, a company is working, a smooth screen, large grains, a notebook line, Gerda is crying, a measure of growth, a willow is growing, tearing tops, a victim of a lynx, a chamois is jumping, a farm is working, do good, fast cobra , fast zebra, formidable bison, red gills, roar of a tiger, bright ramp, first desk, ruddy crust, cedars are growing, Murka is jumping, fast rumba, dress up Barbie, numbers are jumping, is it the same age, large rump, blackbird wing, old yards, good morning, one and a half rubles, a huge ramp, watermelon rinds.

Phrases with the sound R at the beginning, in the middle, at the end of a word in 2 complex words with a closed syllable.

Loud radar, Roman is crying, red crustacean, rough satchel, actor's romance, actor's romance, Roma's joy, radio operator Roma, take off his sneakers, injure the actor, early harvest, drop the satchel, ice cream cone, old piano, cucumber pickle, robot working, roar of the engine , murmur of workers, relative of the lynx, open mouth, lighting a fire, searching for a thief, Roma's timidity, a scattering of tinsel, ruddy Romanian, rye roll, twisted roll, red ruby, torn sleeve, destroy mountains, hare rabbit, fair-haired Roma, scold Roma, fast stream, steer to the right, rough tripe, chop wood, sad fisherman, trade market, rough lever, saffron milk grows, jerk to the right, brave knight, growl loudly, fish oil, cry loudly, red saffron milk cap, red coral, guarantor of truth, dirty the garage, formidable ram, fury of the ram, rusty garage, gorgeous giraffe, formidable deer, red geranium, monitor lizard is careful, terrible snowstorm, old barracks, formidable pirate, bright parade, good Marat, the barn is destroyed, red crucian carp, damp barn, old ship, the crane is crowing , actors forum, rusty screw, sad surgeon, bright sail, formidable virus, cutting down a grove, fit of rage, gray tailcoat, dig a ditch, bury a ditch, gift of faith, Egor digs, Timur cooks, fence pattern, Roma’s reproach, live broadcast, huge lizard, sad evening, red boat, cook cooking, market working, red mosquito, pink tan, red lobster, large sturgeon, terrible fire, refined sugar, company kefir, pink marshmallow, actor’s idol, the wind turns, the engine rumbles, a sharp axe, red fan, formidable north, set of actors, beaver gnaws, driver steers, pink carpet, menacing watch, expensive goods, senior cashier, rough top hat, fish pie, indoor market, refined sugar, Marat the worker, round radar, black satchel, Roman hero , early dawn, Russian people, laid out sugar, joyful romance, dropped the piano, red-haired sailor, shirt sleeve, short video, chop wood, shouted loudly, hand out cards, roar of the engine, roar of the cosmodrome, loud swearing, city of parks, forty-one, forty forty, curd cheese.

Phrases starting with the sound R at the beginning, in the middle of a word in 2 complex words with a combination of consonants in the middle with a closed syllable.

The spring is dug up, the sprout is growing, the dawn is pleasing, an equal square, leveling the ditch, a terrible story, a clap of thunder, breaking the decanter, pirate robbery, developing a course, divorce of relatives, delivering cargo, jumper's run, dismantling the barn, breaking up the truck, the height of the heat, rampant robbery , distribute passports, undress the burka, light a fire, wingspan, pouring rum, size of the burka, grinding grain, stretch hands, various conversations, cut of a robe, formidable area, framer works, sawing wood, splitting wood, blurring the road, native land, red diamond, luxury of the land, tall pirate, lace painting, company senior, dissolution of the rose, timid Roma, even square, luxury of the apartment, tame friend, Russian story, fish land, loosening with a rake, master of games, the toaster is burning, the actor is playing, the miner is working, light a fire, a rude mechanic, a prompter pleases, a grain barn, a grain hangar, a red border, a dirty miner, a scary bunker, a surgeon, a decoction of herbs, a large boiler, a formidable boxer, a rusty tugboat, a terrible vampire, a formidable barbarian, a watchman works, a side dish of potatoes , hot geyser, joyful potter, guslar plays, announcer pleases, sad understudy, red clover, draw a contour, light a fire, crackers crunch, shirt size, parents' example, sports medalist, device works, selection of crystal, announcer repeat, fragrant nectar, uniform general, the mixer is working, the elevator operator is working, the lecturer missed, the liner collapsed, the corkscrew opened, the skewer is dirty, the case was opened, the weather vane is spinning, the farmer is happy, the porcelain is sold, the heat factor, the coach scolded, the dancer is happy, the vestibule is dirty, the carpenter cut, the intern is rude, the boulevard is decorated, the squid is wounded, the accordion is playing, Artyom is working, Arthur is playing, the pocket is torn, the cardboard is torn, the cornice has collapsed, the apron is torn, large carrots, red velvet, the badger is digging, Barbos is gnawing, a bright apron, a rude grumbler, a hot vestibule, a pot is broken , hunchback glad, sharp harpoon, opened the casket, hot cap, old archive, dwarf glad, rough frame, hot greenhouse, dirty parquet, marshal pleases, joyful marquis, weed torn off, stalls working, brake torn off, order pleases, pull the weed, black cargo, proud kite, watchful kite, open side, strong body, stormy evening, nimble badger, pleasant surprise, work magazine, cheese kharcho, snort in vain, peace minister, fat badger, circus performer working, red brick, sharp compass, return the pot, Herman mutters, faithful friend, turn the circle, hold the baby, tolerate lies, the worm digs, the black attic, the golden eagle screams, open the envelope, the formidable duke, the first minister, velvet peach, hot thermos, red pepper, crystal service, hot pepper, rude bartender , short story, thunderclap, sprout has grown, Russian scale, Russian size, different sizes, light a fire, another dragon, timid Arthur, develop speed, transparent scarf,

Phrases starting with the sound R at the beginning, in the middle of words, in 3 complex words with an open syllable with a combination of consonants in the middle of the word.

Romina's slingshot, the racket is cracked, the daisy is growing, the round rosette, the age difference, the beautiful plain, the equality of brothers, hard work, the distribution of bagels, the separation of friends, devastation all around, Roma's frame, the bungler Roma, the radio operator Vera, an adult comb, a rough matting, Rose's birthmark , pink rose, intelligent mermaid, old gun, spinning roulette, Russian washerwoman, torn shirt, good fishing, good fisherman, Varvara Krassa, Black office, black panther, joyful children, round steering wheel, beautiful cap, algae thickets, locusts covered, furrow potatoes, the chimes struck, I draw towns, Romina's apartment, native culture, bitter mixture, a beautiful veranda, grow up, goosebumps ran through, a terrible piranha, a chicken nearby, a shortbread crust, a couple of piranhas, a cardboard box, an orphan nearby, a funnel spinning, a smooth path, cloudberries are growing, crumbling okroshka, an old shirt, cutting down a grove, a kangaroo is jumping, an eagle feather, boxers are fighting, a young lady is crying, a road is being dug up, a milkmaid is crying, a beautiful picture, a basket of roses, cleaning the barn, a torn shirt, soaked pearl barley, wet grass, a mountain path , shell-shell, broken socket, pink socket, first group, various Russians, daisy opened, large mole, deliver magazines, find the radio operator, brick veranda.

Phrases with the sound R at the beginning, in the middle of a word in 3 complex words with a closed syllable.

Good Rodion, work well, working miner, radar radius, please Roma, learn a novel, proper diet, wounded miner, vulnerable Roma, learn a novel, try a bagel, fragrant rose garden, fateful evening, pink pencil, strong mind, chop with an ax, old cook , brave ant, hard paraffin, ruddy pie, pink pie, rum eclair, small town, fast turnaround, good urologist, ripe peas, harsh land, good friend, wide passage, crown number, powder the road, reasonable polymath, joyful talker, cool a lumberjack, a handsome university student, a timid passenger, a tall pioneer, a sad officer, an old samovar, a wounded orderly, a torn lampshade, a torn contract, a wide corridor, a culinary master, a handsome fly agaric, a round tomato, a loud speaker, a handy jeweler, a joyful hero of the day, a large Jupiter, a terrible reprimand, torn cashmere, a dirty stoker, a red manicure, a huge monitor, a red pedicure, an interesting seminar, a beautiful souvenir, a smooth pedometer, a formidable commissar, the first film frame.

Complex phrases with the sound R.

Red crayfish, crayfish cursed, mercury thermometer, rocket accelerated, flat path, large carrots, multi-colored rainbow, Arthur the hard worker, the mitten was torn, simple equality, fork to the right, denouement of the story, native open spaces, velvet jacket, fast wolverine, ice cream melted, otter emerged , country rodeo, separate the brawlers, last Christmas, rude moneylender, collected lingonberries, abandoned spring, wounded wolverine, wake the dragon, Arnold is crying, blown away by the wind, open mouth, raises ostriches, mark the pattern, neat washerwoman, albatross wing, divide the race, unlearn rhapsody, the rake crashed, the thunderstorm rumbled, blurred page, project failure, rudeness all around, the wire passes, Gorodets painting, pears are born, tiny Khavroshechka, traffic light to the right, antique ruble, good partners, native spaces, dear grace, magpie jumper, stir the solution, taming the tiger, develop imagination, joyful mouther, group of trespassers, royal crown, broken shell, red cornea, tall plant, formidable wolverine, reasonable Russians, joyful parents, different distances, first wound, plant development.

3 word sentences.

Work on the radio. Rocket on the plain. Ira feeds the cow. Roma in class. Our homeland is dear to us. Raja on the throne. Kira in class. Crow and magpie. Glove on hand. Rubies on the sleeve. They work in the garden. The shirt is on time. There is dew on the plant. The drummer drums loudly. Path in the grass. Sailor at the gangway. Yura has a rod. Vera is gnawing on a carrot. I collect saffron milk caps. Roma collects saffron milk caps. Ira tells a story. Vera has fruit. Ram on the ship. The road is full of potholes. Scattered across Russia. Chickens at retail. The road is full of potholes. Yelling into a bullhorn. Friendship in the past. Sailors fishing. Jump into the ravine. A walk in the park. Holiday for kids. Off-road running. Rocker wanted. The rodent did not jump. The doctor is thoughtful. Rudeness from irritation. Robbers on the road. The squad is near the firewood. The robber has a slingshot. The truth about doctors. Rat under the roof. There is a mermaid by the riverbed. Ruberoid at a construction site. Rapier handle. There is a control room on the ship. Gavroche has a penny. The count has a decanter. Washable by hand. The rat can chew. Jump over the grotto. Pie in the freezer. Mole under the ground. Walk to the pond. Nyura on the veranda. Forecast for tomorrow. Warthog has warts. Cheburashka in a cap. Chicken overboard. The pirate has a rapier. The lynx has a lynx cub. Aerobics warm-up. Romeo at the gate. Homecoming. The drummer has a drum. Seraphim delivers rye. Yura is chopping wood. Samara is an old city. Literacy is a second language. Kira collects tomatoes. Pear is a fruit. The laundress washes the sheets. A plumber is fixing a faucet. Anna feeds the chickens. Murka stole the cheese. Roma is cleaning the carpet. The officer wears a uniform. The yard is surrounded by a fence. The master is painting the fence. There are watermelons in the basket. An officer in uniform. Brother colored the map.

4 word sentences.

Here are Vera and Mara. Roma goes to class. Tamara has a red pencil. Short sleeve shirt. Raya has pink roses. There is an old feather in the pen. My brother is going to the theater. Tamara and Vera are friends. Carrots grow in the garden. Corn grows in the garden. Raya has an orange sundress. A fisherman fishes early in the morning. Corn is sold at retail. Roses have bloomed in the garden. The peoples of the world want peace. The woodcutter entered the grotto. The mitten is thrown into the washstand. The locusts chewed up the millet sprouts. Vera's sundress is torn. Grass grows along the path. The pipe plays in the trench. I have generous friends. The beaver has an otter friend. The roof is painted red. There are red lingonberries in a mug. There is a pink rowan on the mug. The brother jumped into the pond. Rooks are fighting on the roof. The laundress washes black sheets. Frosya brought the rabbit some twigs. Roma cleans the wet carpet. There is a high slide in the park. I picked a basket of weeds. There are red watermelons in the basket. In winter there is a slide in the park. Herman's parents are doctors. Grate carrots on a grater.

5 word sentences.

I have a comb in my hand. Trough and axes in the barn. A mole on Arthur's hand. A pirate buries treasure on the island. Arthur and Timur play separately. The orderly tore the wounded man's shirt sleeve. The cave is hidden by overgrown willow bushes. The design calculations were carried out correctly by the architect. Zhora and Yura are collecting saffron milk caps. Fedor has a plane in his hands. The drivers work in the district garage. The roar of engines accelerates the crows. The radio operator calls the commander. The old fisherman knows the lake well. Roma eats macaroni and cheese. A bunch of grapes grew on the edge. Crows and rooks on the roof. I collected lingonberries in a mug. The kite circles at the top of the mountain. There are cucumbers and tomatoes in the basket. The park has a high slide and a rocket. People are circling the carousel in the park.

Sentences of 6-8 words.

Vera has balls and Mary has balls. Roma travels on a rocket to his native expanses. Relatives cordially escorted his older brother to the army. The difference in height between Roma and Raya is fourteen centimeters. Tamara, tell us about your walk in the park. Saffron milk caps and boletus mushrooms grow in the forest. The fisherman Egor has ruffs in his bucket. Ira distributes notebooks, pencils and pens. Marusya has a red and black pencil. There was a good harvest of millet and rye. Raya gnaws marshmallows and drinks kefir. Carrots, tomatoes, peas and cucumbers are collected. Roma has a truck with pears and corn. Vera and Roma are collecting saffron milk caps in the forest. In the photo are my friends: Arthur and Artem. Roma is wearing a shirt and shorts, and Raya is wearing a sundress. In the morning we wander around the old city. Shura has pink balls in her hands. Roma's apartment is on the second floor, and Zhora's is on the fourth. Artem’s mother works as an emergency doctor. We go to the market, there are all sorts of goods there.

The article was prepared and compiled by Elena Yuryevna Borovskaya. You can contact me about classes on alalia correction via Skype.

Automation of the “R” sound in syllables

After the child has learned to pronounce isolated R correctly and clearly, the sound must be fixed (automated) first in various syllables. Automation should still take place in a relaxed playful manner, lasting no more than 15 minutes if the child is under 5 years old and no more than half an hour if the child is 5 or 6 years old.

It is most correct to consolidate a given sound from an open syllable. This is a combination of consonant + vowel. The game “Echo” is well suited for this: the speech therapist names a series of open syllables rra-rro-rru, rra-rro-rry, and the child repeats them. At first, the R should sound booming to the baby, and then you can put emphasis on a more relaxed pronunciation. In this case, you can alternate vowels in any variations, but for now without affecting “yu”, “ya”, “e” and “i”.

Another easy and useful game “Continue the word”: the child is told short sentences with words in which there is an R in the open syllable. For example - You arrived at the metro... (ro). Natasha has a sister... (ra). We bought blue and yellow balloons.. (ry), etc.

Using the same principle, after 2-3 lessons, work on closed syllables begins. During the game “Echo”, the baby repeats the syllables arr, orr, urr and err, yrr, arr. Slowly you can add the vowels “i” and “e”; Arr-orr-irr, urr-irr-err.

In the game “Continue the word” the child is asked to complete the following words: Today a strong wind is blowing... (ter). There is a new light at our intersection..(fore). Dad watches TV... (watch).

And only lastly can you move on to syllables with a combination of consonants. For repetition, you can offer your child both individual syllables and short rhyming phrases:

Dro-dro-dro - the bear dragged away the bucket.

Tra-tra-tra - we walked until the morning.

Three-three-three - squirrels are cunning and fast.

Please note that if a sound with a combination of consonants is still pronounced with difficulty and unclearly, you should not insist on pronouncing the second rhymed part of the sentence. In this case, the baby’s task will be to pronounce only the first part correctly. You can move on to automation in words, phrases and sentences only after P sounds perfect in all types of syllables.

Pensioners will be paid 10 thousand rubles for vaccination

Recently it became known that pensioners who decide to get vaccinated against Covid will be paid 10 thousand rubles. However, the payment is valid only at the regional level. For now, only residents of the Capital can count on it. According to the general rules, vaccinated citizens are given a gift. But, if a pensioner does not need material things, then he has the right to replace them with money. That’s when he will be paid 10 thousand rubles. The payment is provided subject to the following conditions: the recipient's age is 65 years or older; the citizen is a resident of Moscow; the pensioner has completed a full course of vaccination with any Russian drug; the person refused the gift set. Local authorities had to take such measures due to the looming threat of the active spread of coronavirus infection. After all, more than 30 thousand cases of infection are detected every day in Russia. Every day, more than 1,000 people die from this insidious virus, most of whom are elderly people.

Experts are confident that the only way to protect yourself from Covid is to get vaccinated. The Moscow government is encouraging pensioners to get vaccinated and is even willing to pay for it.

Breathing exercises

The sound R is quite difficult for children to pronounce, so correctly performed speech breathing will significantly speed up and facilitate the main work of producing and automating the sound. It is with breathing exercises that every speech therapy session should begin. The following exercises are great for this purpose.

"Playing football". Two cubes are placed on the table - these are gates. Use a small cotton ball as a ball. The child’s task is to stretch out his lips with a tube and, with a long exhalation, blow on the ball, driving it into the goal.

"Magic Bubbles" In front of the child is a glass of water and a cocktail straw. For added interest, you can add any food coloring to the water. The baby blows into the straw, creating a storm of bubbles in the glass.

"Snowflake on the nose." A small cotton ball on the tip of the child’s nose acts as a snowflake. The task is to blow off the cotton wool with a stream of air with your mouth slightly open and the tip of the tongue attached to the upper lip.

Mimic gymnastics

Another important stage at the beginning of the lesson, thanks to which the child’s facial muscles and articulation apparatus are prepared for further work. All exercises are performed in front of a mirror.

Exercise “Hamster and fish”. The child first puffs out his cheeks strongly, showing a hamster, after which he stretches his lips forward in a tube, like a fish. The movements alternate at least 7-8 times.

"The cat drinks milk." The child uses his tongue to imitate the movements of a cat lapping milk from a saucer.

"Surprised Arkasha and angry Masha." The child first raises his eyebrows high, as if in surprise, and then frowns strongly, as if very angry.

Lip relaxation exercises:

smile widely with a drawn-out i-i-i-i;
rhythmic movements with tightly closed lips, now to the right, now to the left cheek;
movements of closed lips in a circle.

“The wizard Nikolka turns a spatula into a needle” - a wide, relaxed tongue is laid out on the lower lip in the shape of a spatula, and then the whole tongue is made narrow with a sharp tip, like a needle.

Some categories of pensioners will have their pensions recalculated

In November 2021, some pensioners will receive another increase in their pension. However, benefits will not be recalculated for everyone, but only for: elderly citizens over 80 years of age; coal industry workers; civil aviation pilots; men and women who have worked for 20 and 15 years, respectively, in the Far North; persons who stopped working no earlier than 4 months ago. Citizens who turned 80 in October will have their fixed portion of their insurance pension doubled. On average, the supplement will be a little more than 6 thousand rubles. The additional payment will be assigned automatically. There is no need to contact her. Workers in the coal industry, such as miners, as well as civil aviation pilots, will receive additional payments. It is indexed once every 4 months. The next increase came just in November. Also, pension benefits will be recalculated for those who have accumulated enough experience for the northern benefit. To do this, you need to write an application to the territorial Pension Fund service and provide a small package of documents. The last category of citizens who will be able to count on a pension increase in November 2021 are those who stopped working in June. Their benefits will be increased by the amount of all indexations missed during the official work period.

Exercises to improve speech hearing

Game "An Extra Word". The speech therapist calls the child several identical words and among them one that differs in sound. The child’s task is to clap his hands or stamp his foot on the extra word. For example, saffron milk cap - saffron milk saffron - saffron milk cap - saffron milk cap, growls - growls - growls - hums, rum - rum - house - rum, work - work - care - work, cat - cat - cat - crust, etc.

The same thing, but with syllables: ra-ra-ra-pa, ro-ro-lo-ro, ry-ry-by-ry, etc.

Game "Let's feed the bunny deliciously." In front of the child is a toy hare and a set of pictures with images of products. The bunny needs to be offered everything edible, the name of which has the sound R. An approximate set of illustrated cards: carrots, grapes, bread, cake, tomato, cabbage, apple, pear.

A game with a ball, during which the child catches the ball if the speech therapist names a word with the sound R and discards it if there is no P in the word.

How to promote speech development in children

From the first months, regularly play animal sounds for your baby and don’t forget about children’s songs. This is great for developing phonemic awareness. Full speech development is impossible without the competent and correct speech of his parents. Every baby always repeats, first of all, after dad and mom. And this is the most important reason to prevent deliberately distorted speech in the form of baby talk. By imitation, children master not only specific sounds, but also a certain style of speech.

Under no circumstances should you start teasing your child, even if he cannot pronounce half the alphabet. He can withdraw into himself, and even the most experienced speech therapist will face considerable difficulties. During homework, do not allow any terror. Either an exciting game, or leave this work for a specialist. The R sound is especially difficult to pronounce for a small person, and be prepared for the fact that it can take anywhere from several weeks to several months to pronounce.

Create interesting stories and dialogues between toys from a very early age, and your child will easily learn to construct sentences correctly. Read children's books aloud regularly. The baby will learn not only new words and correct sound pronunciation, but also learn to understand the general speech structure. And in any case, never forget that he is the best, and everything will definitely work out for him.

What additional payments are due to pensioners in November?

At the federal level, no additional payments are provided for pensioners in November. But regional authorities have the right to provide local financial support to elderly citizens. Such assistance will be especially relevant in regions where pensioners have been quarantined. For example, in Moscow, residents over 65 years of age who complete the full course of vaccination will be provided with a gift set. It can be replaced with monetary compensation, the amount of which is 10 thousand rubles. Nothing is known yet about similar surcharges in other regions. It is quite possible that regional authorities will decide to provide financial support closer to the New Year.