Classification of mental retardation according to the epigenetic principle. Causes of mental retardation
- 75% of cases of mental retardation are a delay of cerebral-organic origin, that is, it is based on insufficient functioning of the brain and its pathways (often the consequences of an unsuccessful pregnancy, problems during childbirth, etc.).
- ZPR of constitutional origin. The so-called harmonious infantilism, when psychophysically the child is somewhat behind his peers. This is due to hereditary reasons. A child may be more suggestible and emotional than his peers. In general, he looks younger (the difference with his real age is 1-1.5 years).
- ZPR of somatogenic origin. Here the delay is due to the weakening of the body, frequent, chronic somatic diseases of the child. The general tone of the child’s body and psyche is reduced. Often the situation is complicated by overprotection from the family.
- Mental retardation of psychogenic origin (this also includes pedagogical neglect). The reason is unfavorable psychosocial conditions. Previously, it was generally accepted that such a delay could only occur in children from disadvantaged families (unemployed, parasites, alcoholics, etc.). Nowadays, there are increasingly cases where, despite financial wealth, the type of upbringing in the family is inharmonious, in particular, the child does not develop the necessary level of self-regulation, awareness, self-care due to overprotection, inconsistency, educational insecurity, and anxiety of parents.
Organizational aspects
The document is prepared with the participation of a psychologist, speech therapist and teacher. A ready-made description of a kindergarten student is provided for:
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- Admission to school.
- Solutions to legal issues.
- Consultations with a psychiatrist.
- Commissions for transfer to a speech therapy group or specialized educational institution.
- Children with disabilities who attend kindergarten.
- Guardianship and trusteeship authorities.
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How to return money to the buyer
The pedagogical characteristics of a preschool educational institution student is an official document that is invalid without the signature of all persons filling out the form. The seal and signature of the head of the institution is also required.
