Teaching a child to read syllables correctly: exercises and games

Averyanova Sveta

Teaching a child to read independently before first grade without the help of teachers and professional skills is difficult, but quite possible. To do this, parents will need teaching aids, books, and methodological recommendations from the authors of the programs. We’ll tell you in more detail how to avoid learning difficulties, when and where to start, what to do if a child refuses to learn to read.

When to start

At what age do you start teaching a child to read? There is no exact answer to this question. Letter literacy lessons are taught at 4–5 years of age, before starting school, at 6–7 years of age.

The age of a preschooler is not the main indicator of readiness to learn new knowledge and concepts. It is much more important how prepared he is for classes intellectually, psychologically, physically. Pay attention to the following indicators, which must be normal to become familiar with reading:

• The baby speaks well and uses common sentences to tell a story or answer a question.
• Phonemic hearing and articulation skills are developed according to age. Pay special attention to the correct pronunciation of sounds; a preschooler must pronounce and recognize all phonemes.
• The child maintains a conversation, clearly and consistently talks about the past day, a significant event.
• A preschooler orients himself in space. Understands the directions right-left, up-down. If the baby confuses the sides, but corrects himself, this is considered the norm.
• A kindergartener can play board games and drawing for more than 10 minutes.

If all of the listed indicators are normal or with minor deviations in a preschooler, he is over 5 years old, it’s time to think about learning to read.

Stimulate unprepared six-year-olds, attract them to the alphabet by your own example, and solve speech therapy problems. If the kindergartener is still very young, 3-4 years old, but asks to talk about letters, teach him how to add syllables, meet him halfway. Conduct classes in an easy mode so as not to discourage interest in reading due to large volumes of information and difficulties in assimilating it.

How to understand that it’s time: signs of psychological readiness

1. The child speaks fluently in sentences and understands the meaning of what is said.
2. The child distinguishes sounds (what speech therapists call developed phonemic hearing). Simply put, the baby will easily understand by ear where the house and the bow are, and where the tom and the hatch are.
3. Your child pronounces all sounds and has no speech therapy problems.
4. The child understands directions: left-right, up-down. Let's skip the point that adults often confuse right and left. To learn to read, it is important that the baby can follow the text from left to right and from top to bottom.

Readiness test

Another option for assessing a child’s readiness to read is a test. Go through it with your preschooler and answer some of the questions yourself. Each positive answer is scored 1 point, negative – 0 points.

1. Does your preschooler like to be read to?
2. Does he listen carefully to someone else's reading?
3. Can you retell the text you heard?
4. Do you like to look at books on your own?
5. Is the content more interesting to the kindergartener than the pictures?
6. Does the preschooler pretend to read? For example, reveals his favorite fairy tale and retells it with expression and demonstratively runs his finger along the lines?
7. Does he like playing with books and learning the alphabet more than watching cartoons?
8. Does a preschooler make toy books or magazines (comics) from scrap materials?
9. Does he store and examine children's books carefully?
10. Does your child have an extensive vocabulary?
11. Does he speak more often in complete, detailed sentences?
12. Knows a large number of short poems, fairy tales, songs?
13. Can you find a word starting with a given letter? For example, say a word that starts with M (substitute any phoneme).
14. Does he know the alphabet, if not, does he want to learn the letters?
15. If he is familiar with the letters, does he try to combine them into syllables himself?
16. Can he pronounce all sounds well?
17. Can you understand the difference between the words CANCER and MAC?
18. Asks to teach him to read?

Sum up your points and check out the results:

0–5 points

It's too early for your baby to learn to read.

This does not interest him due to his age and temperament. If a preschooler is under 5 years old, there is no need to be upset or worried, this is normal. Children after 5 years of age with such a test result should begin to be accustomed to books, interested, captivated by pictures, then by content. Come up with a game with collections of fairy tales, read to your little one more often before bed.

6–12 points

The desire for independent reading is unstable. Pay attention to your home library, go to a bookstore together. Buying an interesting collection of fairy tales and stories with bright pictures will help you show more initiative.

Your task is to devote more time to reading, to spark interest in the plot and composition technique. For example, not reading to the end, stopping at the moment of denouement and complaining that he himself cannot read yet, so he will only find out the ending tomorrow.

13–18 points

Congratulations! Your child is ready to read completely, is waiting for new information, wants to receive it in large quantities with the help of books, reading independently. There is no need to put off learning, start today.

On a note! By learning to read, we mean purposeful work to instill the skill of consciously putting together syllables, words and sentences. Children are ready for serious activities at 5–6 years old. Letters and elementary combinations of consonants and vowels can begin to be mastered much earlier, at 2–4 years.

Learning to distinguish sounds in words

Teaching preschoolers to read begins with teaching the child to distinguish between vowels and consonants, hard and soft consonants.
Vowels do not encounter obstacles on their way, they are formed only by the voice, they can be sung and extended. Observe how your teeth and lips behave when pronouncing a sound. If they put an obstruction, it is a consonant. To hear the stressed sound in a word, you need to pronounce it with surprise or interrogatively, or “call” with this word: drum! umbrella? cat!

The peculiarity of the perception of a 4-5 year old child is that he needs to touch, take apart and put everything back together in order to understand. The same principle should be followed when studying sounds.

Literally sort words into sounds with your child. Let the vowels be red, and the consonants be blue cubes (without labels). Build word houses out of them. Say the word “juice” yourself, then have your child say it. Listen to the sounds, observe how the lips and teeth behave, at what moment they close.

Say the first sound - is it a vowel or a consonant? Place the first cube. Say the second sound - is it a vowel or a consonant? Lay out the second cube and “read” the diagram. Are all the sounds “lined up”? Say the third sound and complete the diagram. “Read” the diagram, check if all sounds are in place? When diagramming words consisting of two syllables, indicate the stress. Next we add the designation of hard and soft sounds.

When learning sounds, take into account the peculiarity of the Russian language: spelling does not always coincide with pronunciation. Therefore, first offer words in which each sound is in a strong position, i.e. can be heard well when spoken. For vowels, this is the position under stress; the vowel “u” is always clearly audible. Monosyllabic words (one syllable) with an unpaired consonant at the end or disyllabic words (two syllables) with the vowel “u” without stress or with “s” at the end of the word are suitable. For example, monosyllabic ones: sleep, chalk, forest, spruce, ball, table; disyllabic: foxes, museum, sail, etc.

Having mastered the decomposition of such words into syllables, you can move on to two- and three-syllable words, the spelling of which coincides with the pronunciation, for example: saw, nose, cat, giraffe, cat, grandmother, fireworks, etc. In the word “nose” at the end we hear the sound “s” ” and write the letter “s”, in contrast to the word “oak”, when pronounced we hear the sound “p”, but write the letter “b”.

Only later can you offer words whose spelling and pronunciation do not match: frost, family, oak, water, forests.

Stages of training

Even a very inquisitive, gifted child cannot be taught to read spontaneously, unsystematically. The skill will be developed sustainably if you use an integrated approach.

Do not rush to immediately give the concept of a letter, a word, how to add and read them. Use our recommendations for creating a lesson plan.

Development of phonemic hearing and imaginative thinking at an early age

This is extremely important for the perception of sounds, letters, and text. The ability to read begins in infancy, although many parents do it unconsciously.

Play noisy games with your baby, use musical instruments, onomatopoeia. Develop a sense of rhythm with the help of a ball, jump rope, singing, poems. Learn to distinguish between quiet and loud sounds, knocking, humming; there are many options for the development of phonemic hearing.

The last stage is the differentiation of sounds at the beginning and end of a word. A child should answer such questions by age 5. You don't need to know the letters to do this. Name a word starting with C (magpie, catfish), let him come up with a few more similar ones. Then use the last letter. You say HOME, he calls MOM, MOUSE.

It will not be possible to cope with the last task right away. Don’t insist, practice on the way from kindergarten, ask to repeat the correct answer after you, spend more time studying unfamiliar sounds in nature, at home.

Getting to know sounds

Before you get acquainted with the appearance of the letters, tell your child about the sounds. Divide them into several groups. For example, vowels - they can be sung, voiced sounds - show them using the example of sounds of nature (thunder rumbles, a tiger growls), unvoiced ones relate to quiet, non-melodic sounds (shhhh, puff).

At this stage, it is important to form an image, a phonetic shell of letters.

This will help the child perform syllabic and phonemic analysis of words at school.

On a note! To distinguish between voiced and deaf when speaking, use your fingers to your throat. When pronouncing R, D, M and other voiced consonants, there will be vibration under the fingers. When pronouncing deaf words (SH, P, S, etc.) there is no vibration.

Learning and remembering letters

Start getting acquainted with letters by setting goals. Explain why you need to know this. Tell us about the possibilities that the book opens up, about writing, the culture of different peoples. The main task is to interest the baby.

Continue the motivation with simple examples of letters. Start with vowels, for example A, U. The kindergartener will quickly remember them, learn to write, and be able to read the first word: AU!!! When he realizes that reading is not difficult at all, the lessons can be entertaining and fun, move on. Combine new letters with adding syllables and simple words.

Another option for learning about letters is studying with reference to a picture. For this you need primers or ABCs. M - cars, T - cake, V - crow, etc. This method is necessary for visual children. To quickly memorize symbols and write the alphabet, use modeling, coloring letters, and tracing them in copybooks.

On a note! Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zaitsev, the author of the method of teaching reading by letters using cubes, believes that there is no need to teach knowledge about letters gradually. He suggests memorizing the entire alphabet, and then moving on to warehouses.

You can agree with his opinion or not. Focus on the temperament and abilities of your baby.

Adding the syllables

Your baby has learned to combine two vowels and can easily read AU and IA. Move on to merging vowels and consonants. First teach to read open syllables, then closed ones. Make the first words from identical combinations: MA-MA, BA-BA. Use the reverse options: AH, UM, AM, OH.

Show how to sing the syllables. Focus on the fact that the sounds run after each other. This is well shown in the ABC of Nadezhda Zhukova. After this, you can connect several syllables together and put another consonant between them: ZHU-CH-KA.

The easiest way to automate reading by syllables is syllable tables. These are cards with columns of syllables. If you read them daily, gradually accelerating the pace, the child will easily recognize them in words. We advise you to print out syllables for teaching children to read on sheets of paper and give one option per lesson.

Making up words

For this stage, cut cards with syllables will be useful. At first, take 3-4 pieces, then you can have more. Give the task to compose words from the cards received; it is better if there are several options. For example, on the table are the syllables MA, RA, ZI, PO. Let him make up the words: WINTER, TIME, FRAME.

You can download cards with syllables below, click on the picture, download and print.

The next stage is composing words with closed syllables. You will need separate letters and cards with open syllables. For example, MA, PA, SO and the letters on the cards K, F, M. You get the following set: MAC, SOK, PAGE, COM.

After 2-3 lessons, offer to compose words of several syllables. Choose simple lexemes: HOUSE, GRASS, SHOVEL.

After composing words on your own, you can move on to studying books with short texts. First, the baby reads individual words with one syllable, then with two or three. There is no need to rush, scold, or suggest.

Reading the proposals

When your preschooler easily reproduces simple words, move on to sentences. At the initial stage, use familiar combinations: MOTHER, FOREST, WATER, CAT. Select material with short texts of 2–3 sentences. To ensure that the student enjoys reading and does not want to be lazy from boredom, use poems and jokes with meaning. For example:

Vanya has new books!

The son eats the soup himself. Mom is happy.

Teddy bear collected pine cones

And he tore off all the trees.

The next stage is expressive reading of texts of 5–10 simple sentences. Use entertaining tasks, pictures, riddles, and exercises so as not to turn the learning process into a tedious task. Remember, children learn best through play.

Benefits

No matter how effective modern methods are, no one has yet canceled the usual primer. You can compare several benefits and choose one.

• Parents leave good reviews about “ABC for Kids” by O. Zhukova. A well-known speech therapist and teacher offers a non-standard method of teaching reading. It is very interesting and easy for children to follow the funny little men who run from letter to letter, helping to add syllables. Invite your child to continue the sound until the little man gets to the next one: “A-a-a-a-u.” You can use not only the ABC book, but also cars and dolls. Move them from letter to letter, and let the child pronounce the sounds.
• The manual by E. Baranova and O. Razumovskaya “How to teach your child to read” also offers play. The authors use train travel as a way to teach reading. The carriage moves along rails with written consonants, there is an empty window on it, and next to it is a vowel. There is no need to cram boring syllables, just name the “station”: BA, MA, GU, etc.
• The author of the Primer for Kids, E. Bakhtina, uses her own technique: each letter has its own funny image, they are friends with each other, and the baby is interested in participating in games with them.

Of course, this is not a complete list of benefits. You can use several in combination. Be patient. And remember the most important thing - you can’t scold or punish if something doesn’t work out. Put it aside for a while and then try again. And don’t forget to praise, because praise makes you want to move on.

How to train a child

So, the preschooler learned to read. It's time to pay attention to the speed of word formation in order to meet the standards of reading technology at school. Use the following exercises to improve your speed at playing passages out loud.

Reading syllabic tables

The table can be printed in large size, click on the image and download it:

An effective means of transition from syllabic to word-by-word reading. If you train regularly, the future first grader will automatically form words from syllables.

Read the tables in columns (vertically), for 30 seconds each at the initial stage. Record the time spent in a diary and note your progress. After 7–10 days, the preschooler should achieve the following result: 3 tables in 30 seconds, that is, he will practically learn them by heart. Train every day 2 times.

Wave

Place the book on the table in front of the child, the text should be small. Let him read at a pace that is convenient for him. Then turn the textbook 90° and ask them to read a passage or the entire text. Then place it upside down and repeat the task. Increase the volume of text gradually.

Reading in passages

The exercise is suitable for children with a medium or fast speech rate. The task of the parent or teacher: to maximize the result. When choosing a training text, take into account your current reading technique and add 30 words to your result. If a preschooler reads 20 words, give the text for 50 units, if 30 words - for 60 units.

The training consists of three stages. First, the child will read the given passage without assignment, in his usual rhythm. Then he tries to keep it within 1 minute, using two attempts. Increase the number of words in the passage when the preschooler calmly and effortlessly copes with the task. Carry out the training every day 2 times (morning, evening).

Retelling the text read

This activity is useful for students with any reading rhythm. Learn to retell what you read paragraph by paragraph, then by page, then completely. If the kindergartener reads very slowly, syllable by syllable, reproduce the text out loud yourself. Let him tell you what he heard and understood. Then he will read it on his own.

Important! At the initial stage of learning to read, prioritize understanding the essence of the text, not the number of words. Move on to increasing speed after practicing automatic folding of syllables and words into sentences.

How to make learning to read easier for a preschooler

1. Praise more and never scold

   It’s hard for us adults to imagine how difficult it really is for a child to learn such a complex skill as reading from scratch. After all, to be able to read means to be able to correlate a sound with a letter or combination of letters, to understand the meanings of the words read and the meaning behind the text.

   If parents take the child's successes for granted and express dissatisfaction when the child does not understand something, this will not push the student to develop, but will only complicate the process. Therefore, it is important to praise for small victories: I learned the letter that we studied last time - great, I coped with a word with as many as two syllables without my dad's help - smart girl.

   Do not perceive failures as a consequence of the little student’s negligence. When a child does not understand the first time, this is a reason to look for another explanation or give more time to practice. If you feel tired and irritated, you should stop the activity and return to it in a good mood.

2. Exercise little by little but regularly

   You shouldn’t expect your child to be perseverant and willing to spend hours figuring out unfamiliar letters. It is difficult for preschoolers to maintain attention in a lesson for longer than 25 minutes, and even such small lessons should be interrupted with physical education and games so that the child does not get bored. This is exactly how preparation for school is structured at Skysmart: 25-minute classes with breaks for outdoor games.

   But regular practice is important - much more important than the duration of the lesson. And these don’t have to be just lessons: you can look for familiar letters on signs while walking, on a door sign in a children’s clinic, on the packaging of your favorite corn flakes.

3. Read books aloud

   In a series of studies conducted by Dr Victoria Purcell-Gates on five-year-olds who were not yet able to read, it was found that those children who were regularly read aloud by their parents for two years expressed ideas in more literary language, constructed longer sentences and used more complex syntax .

   In addition, reading aloud with adults helped expand children's vocabulary, as parents explained the meaning of new words that children had not encountered in everyday life.

Expert opinion

According to neuroscientist Marianne Wolfe, evenings spent reading with parents help foster a love of reading because children develop a connection between reading aloud and feelings of love and warmth.

1. Discuss what you read

   The role of communication in teaching literacy is difficult to overestimate. At first, it is important to ask if the student is interested, if he is tired, and what he remembers from the lesson. When a preschooler learns to read coherent texts, be sure to ask questions about their content.

   It’s great if a child reads independently and without parental encouragement, but even in this case, do not deprive him of the opportunity to discuss what he read with you. For example, you could ask:

   Who was your favorite character?
2. Do you think this heroine is like you? Would you like to be like her?
3. What would you do if you were the hero?
4. Why did the described event happen? How are these two events related?
5. How did what you read make you feel?
6. What do you remember most from what you read?
7. What do you think the author wanted to teach? Why did he write this? Do you agree with the author?

8. Go from simple to complex

   From the correspondence between sounds and letters - to syllables, from short words - to longer and more complex words. It would seem that this is obvious, but no: sometimes parents are so happy with the child’s success at first that they push him to study more complex topics than he is ready to accept. Of course, the program should be tailored to the student, but you should not skip steps, even if the child is making progress.

   There are methods that suggest teaching a child to read by memorizing whole words. Unfortunately, experiments show that such methods generally work worse. For example, a group of scientists from the United States came up with an artificial alphabet and asked subjects to learn it, and then read words written using this alphabet. At the same time, some subjects were immediately explained the principles of correspondence between sounds and letters, while others had to deduce the rules of reading on their own based on whole words. It turned out that the first group copes with reading new, previously unfamiliar words better than the second.

   Therefore, we advise you to choose teaching methods that provide clear instructions about the connection between sounds and letters - and this is especially important for those children for whom reading is difficult. Below we have collected several such techniques that you can use to homeschool your preschooler.

Useful tips

Teaching children to read can be a struggle for first graders and their parents. To avoid scandals, disappointments and not discourage your desire to master literacy, use these little tricks:

1. Exercise regularly. Lessons conducted sporadically or poorly organized will not give the desired effect. The child will simply forget all the information. Make a study plan and follow it strictly. Sometimes take a vacation for a couple of days.
2. Learn through play. For example, build houses from letter cubes and transport them on a truck to form syllables. Without strict rules and sitting at a table for 30–40 minutes, information will be absorbed easily and with interest.
3. Follow the sequence of training. The plan may look like this: sounds - letters - syllables - words - sentences - texts. Move from simple to complex consistently.
4. Use video tutorials to practice at home. This option is suitable for older preschoolers; use it for self-education for parents.
5. Review what you have learned regularly. Use different methods for this: print out cards, make drawings, learn riddles, songs.
6. Look for letters everywhere.
   To practice reading, it is not necessary to have a book or blocks at hand. During a walk, ask your child to point out familiar symbols on the bulletin board, on the price tag in the store, on house signs. This is a great practical experience.
7. Don't force reading if your child doesn't want to study. You definitely shouldn’t teach syllabic reading to 3-4 year old children, they don’t need it and aren’t interested. It’s time for preschoolers, 6–7 years old, to learn to read. But if the kindergartener doesn’t want to, use different methods of motivation to revive interest: your own example, rewards for hard work, praise.

First sentence

Learning to read is almost complete, and if everything goes correctly, the baby will be able to read his first sentence without difficulty. It should be simple and understandable, for example: “Inna washed the frame,” and you can read a short sentence even before all the sounds are learned, the main thing is that the selected piece contains only syllables familiar to the baby.

As a rule, this stage passes quickly and cheerfully, the child likes what he can read, children begin to practice with pleasure and often, thanks to their linguistic intuition and amazing memory, read even those letters that have not yet been studied with their parents.

This is a step-by-step program for learning to read in preschool age. If mom and dad were patient and gentle and praised their baby, then home lessons were easy and fun, so success would please both. Training should be carried out regularly, but not take a lot of time - it is necessary to stop even before the baby gets tired, be sure to inform him that tomorrow he will be introduced to even more interesting information, then he will look forward to the next lesson.

Games and exercises

To memorize letters, syllables, develop memory, and attention, it is useful to use a variety of games and exercises. They help overcome fears, doubts, and automate reading skills.

To learn letters

1. Together with your child, create a collection of homemade letters from paper and plasticine. Play with crafts, try to add syllables, name the sound they represent.
2. Memorizing poems, songs into individual letters, sounds.
3. Letter lotto.
4. Who is bigger? The one who remembers more words starting with a given letter wins. You can use the opposite option: we name words that end with a certain sound.
5. Say the opposite! Speak short words (mouth, poppy, house). The child must say them backwards.
6. Spell the word. Take small word forms into parts, naming the sounds: D-O-M.

For learning to read syllables

1. Make up a word. You will need cards with syllables and letters. The child himself will select the desired option and read it. You can add pictures to the task, then the child will make up a word on a given topic.
2. We are looking for short words in long ones. From the letters of the word TRUCK you need to make one-syllable words: load, call, circle.
3. Table walkers. Draw a movement diagram, write syllables in the cells. The child reads the chips every time he moves.
4. Search for syllables in texts. Take any work of art, a fairy tale. Let him look for a familiar syllable in words, circle it with a pencil. If you manage not to miss a single syllable in the passage, the student receives a reward.

To develop reading skills

1. Find the extra or missing letter. Write the misspelled words: GU-ZO-VIK (the letter P is missing), YAM-BLO-KO (the M is extra). The exercise develops attention and spelling vigilance. This will be very useful in Russian language lessons in first grade.
2. Make a menu. The child becomes a cook and creates a menu for the family for the day. His task is complicated by the fact that dishes must begin with the same letter, for example K.
3. What do you see with the letter..? Think of any phoneme, ask the student to name all the objects that he sees around him that begin with this letter (K ​​- books, cat, pan, etc.).
4. Who is faster? Write words starting with one letter on a card: chalk, moth, soap, honey, stranded. The goal is to read the list the fastest. Reading speed, attention, and mental abilities develop.

The first stage of classes - word games

Learning to read must be carried out in a playful manner, otherwise the child will quickly get tired and lose interest. At the first stage, it is necessary to explain to him that the word consists of syllables. The easiest way to do this is with a card. First, the parent shows the child a card on which a simple word is written (for example, “dog”), then cuts it with scissors: so-ba-ka.

It would be even more interesting and clearer to make a card with an image of a dog with an elongated body, for example a dachshund, and stretch the word itself. When the illustration is cut, the child will understand that just as a dog is “put together” from pieces, so a word is made up from parts.

Next, you can invite your child to play with the syllables.

"Catch the Sound"

We tell the child words, and he should clap his hands when he hears a certain sound (for example, [l]).

"Fisherman"

You will need fish with paper letters, each with a paper clip attached. You need to catch fish with a fishing rod (with a magnet on it), name the letters on them, and put them in a bucket. You can ask your child to name words that begin with these letters. Later, you can make syllables from these letters - and pronounce them too.

Album with syllables

Invite your child to work on creating his own ABC book. He will definitely like this idea! To begin, take a regular sketchbook. We divide each sheet in half. On one half we write the syllable that we are studying today. We invite the child to name objects that begin with this syllable. Then he needs to draw them on the second half of the sheet. You can use applications.

Airplanes

The simplest airplanes are made from paper. On each of them a syllable is written (KA, TU, MI), then the parent temporarily turns into a dispatcher and begins to give instructions which particular airplane should land or take off, or go to a pre-designed hangar. The child must figure out the syllables and complete the task.

If airplanes are of little interest to girls, you can offer them a similar game “Butterflies”.

Shop

First, adults prepare the material - the vegetables that will be sold. These could be pictures, toy vegetables, grass, even real foods. Next, cards are made that will play the role of “currency” - they are written syllables with which the names of goods begin (for example, if there is a zucchini on the “counter”, then there must be a “KA” card). Next, “money” is given to the children, who must make purchases on behalf of the dolls.

First, you need to pronounce the syllable several times so that the child remembers it, and only after that start playing. If a preschooler makes a mistake, you should correct him, but very delicately.

Basic techniques

There are really many methods for early learning to read. They can be divided into traditional and non-traditional.

The first ones, easy to use at home, are suitable for children from 5–6 years old. These are ABC books.

The second ones are universal and can be used at an early stage and closer to school age. These are cards, cubes.

To master the teaching methodology in a non-traditional program, you will need deep knowledge of child psychology, sound features of vowels and consonants. Let's take a closer look at some of the author's methods.

Primers and ABCs

They are convenient because the child learns letters and sounds at the same time, gradually putting them into syllables, then into words. Each alphabetic character is accompanied by a picture. An elephant is drawn next to the letter C, and a watermelon is drawn next to the A. Syllability goes parallel to memorizing letters. That is, the set of phonemes for reading increases in the process of recognizing the alphabet.

There is an opinion that this method of teaching reading is too complex, requires perseverance, and is suitable for children with a great thirst for knowledge. But he was the main one in the Soviet school.

The arguments against book learning can be argued. For example, Zhukova’s primer clearly shows children how to read sounds together without naming them separately.

The ABCs are accompanied by bright pictures and plot drawings based on the text. By the end of the course, the preschooler will read not only syllables, but also large passages, know what a syllable is and stress. It is impossible to achieve such a result with the help of cubes and cards alone.

On a note! In addition to the primer by Nadezhda Zhukova, textbooks for teaching reading from an early age by Dmitry Fonin, Vseslav Goretsky, and Nadezhda Betenkova are popular among teachers and parents.

Voskobovich's tower cubes and folding cards

Cards with pictures are intended for teaching children from 3-4 years old. They have bright pictures and warehouses painted on them. The cards come with a CD with songs, the text of the verses is written under the pictures. First, the child sings the words, then finds them in the text and gradually learns to read.

Voskobovich's tower cubes are designed for kindergarteners over 4 years old. The set consists of 12 cubes with a cavity with consonants written on them, and 12 cubes with vowels. The child’s task, after becoming familiar with the Russian alphabet, is to create a warehouse with which any word begins. This can be one letter or a pair.

Then syllables are studied. Children match the vowel to the consonant and assemble a syllable from two cubes. Then words are made from several cubes.

Zaitsev cubes

Zaitsev's method is based on reading by syllables, do not confuse it with syllables. A warehouse can consist of one letter or several. For example, in the word SANKY there are 3 warehouses: SA-N-KI, in the word MAMA there are 2 warehouses: MA-MA. According to the author, it is easier for a child to learn to read by words than by syllables. And this is confirmed in practice.

The training set includes 52 cubes: all the letters of the Russian alphabet, combinations of consonants and vowels. They are different in shape, filling and tactile sensations.

For example, voiceless consonants are indicated on cubes with pieces of wood inside, while voiced consonants are filled with metal parts. That is, the child does not know that this letter is voiceless or voiced, but hears what type of sound it makes. Additionally, tables for warehouses, audio cassettes with songs, and a manual with descriptions of lessons are used.

In the form of a game, the child gets acquainted with the alphabet, and with the entire set of letters at once. Then he independently combines them into words, smoothly sings the lines with the help of special chants, and works with the table.

The Zaitsev teaching method is suitable for children who do not like and cannot sit still for a long time. Static lessons can be easily replaced with a dynamic game.

Chaplygin cubes

Suitable for children from 4 years old. The set consists of 10 cubes, 10 blocks. The preschooler spins the cubes, looks for the necessary syllables, and reads them. Then he makes up simple words. Simultaneously with reading, the outline of letter symbols is learned.

During the game, motor skills, thinking, memory, and attention are involved. According to parents and teachers, this technique is effective and easy to do at home.

Doman cards

The author of the program, American doctor Glen Doman, suggests teaching children to read whole words when they do not yet know letters and do not even know how to speak. Parents need to purchase a set of cards, show them to the newborn for a couple of seconds, pronounce what is written, quickly changing to the next one.

In the first lessons there will be 15 of them, then the number increases. New material is presented after repeating what has already been covered. At 1.5–2 years old, the child will be able to say for himself what is written on the card.

According to psychiatrists and neuropsychologists, the Doman card training system is based not on reading, but on automatic memorization of visual images. If you offer a child a word that has not yet been shown to him, he will not be able to read it.

Method of reading syllables by Elena Bakhtina

The author's methodology is based on syllabic reading. The child is offered cards with letter combinations. The student must read them fluently and recognize them automatically. Then you can start composing words and texts.

For ease of memorization, the letters on the cards are painted in different colors: blue - consonants, red - vowels, ь, ъ - black. Read open and then closed syllables first. Leave combinations of vowels and sibilants for the last stage, they are much more difficult to pronounce.

On a note! You don’t need to look for books and educational kits in the store. Order them online. There you can also read reviews from parents and early development center methodologists about practical experience in using each program.

The most common mistakes parents make

There are several nuances that need to be taken into account when teaching a child to read. The most common mistakes parents make in this case are:

1. Pronouncing not the sounds themselves, but alphabetic letters. For example, KA, EM, PE, etc. It would be correct to say M, L, N, etc. If you make such mistakes from the very beginning, then you can ensure that the child does not understand the specifics of reading syllables, he will have problems problems with their pronunciation and formation. For example, he will not be able to read the basic word “mother” when pronouncing “meamea”.
2. Many parents subconsciously teach their future schoolchild to “take out of context” individual words, phrases or phrases. This is fundamentally wrong, since children with this approach in the future will have difficulty reading large texts or even paragraphs consisting of several sentences.
   Remember!

   Therefore, it is better to teach the child to immediately pronounce all the words in a certain passage, repeating the completed stage several times.

And, of course, one of the most common and, perhaps, gravest mistakes parents make is haste. You should not demand the impossible from a primary school student - to learn to read right away, you need to be patient. If it’s difficult for him, explain everything again, in as much detail and detail as possible. Only then will the efforts of the student and teacher be rewarded to the maximum!

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Books on the topic

There is no way to do without books and collections of texts when teaching reading at home. Please take a look at the following collection of useful tutorials.

Fedina Olga and Sergey “How to teach a child to read”

Textbook for preschoolers from 4–5 years old. The authors of the methodology took as a basis the syllabic method, which, according to parents, is the most effective and easiest way to teach reading. The book comes with useful tips for conducting classes; the lessons are divided into blocks, each accompanied by bright pictures.

Uzorova O. V., Nefedova E. A. “100 educational texts for teaching children to read”

The collection of texts is suitable for preparing six- and seven-year-old children for school. The educational material is accompanied by entertaining tasks and exercises for developing horizons, memory, attention, and fine motor skills. For ease of reading, words in the text are divided into syllables by vertical bars. Short stories are dedicated to the animal world, fish. There are coloring pages at the beginning or end of the text.

Baranova E. E., Razumovskaya O. K. “How to teach your child to read”

The collection of tasks is suitable for children aged 4–5 years. The authors use the syllabic method of teaching reading and invite children to play train with letters. You need to cut out a paper toy from a book yourself, put cards with letters in it and play with syllables. Classes are held in a playful way, so information is remembered quickly and easily.

Zhukova N. S. “Primer”

The textbook is based on the traditional syllable-by-syllable reading method. You can start lessons without knowing the sounds and letters. Learning the alphabet goes parallel to the formation of the skill of putting letters into syllables. The book is written in large print and illustrated with bright pictures. Zhukova’s primer is recommended by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and has been used in kindergartens and development centers for more than 10 years.

Introduction to letters

The first step has been taken, preschool children managed to remember some syllables and understand that any word consists of such “bricks”. Now it is necessary to open up the world of letters to them and introduce them to their diversity. This will be the most important step in preparing for school.

You can purchase various visual aids, such as a set of letters with an alphabet board, which will help you get acquainted with serious material in a visual, playful way. You will also need large cards on which each letter of the alphabet is depicted. You can get acquainted with them according to the following scheme.

1. Show the child the card. It can be not just a boring image of a particular letter, but an interesting one. For example, L - in the form of a gymnast with his legs spread wide.
2. To make memorization easier, you should prepare in advance all the variety of items that you can find at home. So, while studying the same L, you can show your child a spoon, a (toy) horse, a light bulb, a chandelier, a dream catcher - everything that he knows. And then offer to continue the chain, look in the room (on the street, on the way to kindergarten) for all objects starting with L.
3. Invite your child to sketch the letter he is learning.

Sometimes parents focus on the correct pronunciation of the letter, for example [em], and not [m], then it will be very difficult for the child to readjust during the reading process. He sees a familiar M, but reads it as [um]. When studying, it is better to use the names of phonemes.

At this stage of children's education, it is necessary to use various rhymes that, in a fun way, help them remember the letters. For example, Genrikh Sapgir created a large number of wonderful texts especially for the youngest readers and listeners - they will help to visualize each letter and quickly remember it. It’s better to start with the poem “The Cheerful Alphabet,” in which each letter has its own lines. You need to be patient, the work can be long and difficult.

Mobile applications and simulators

If it is impossible to sit the baby down with books, they do not like to play with cubes or cards with letters, use interactive simulators to teach reading. You can download them to your tablet, mobile phone (iPhone and Android), play at home or on the go.

Luntik. Let's learn to read!

With your favorite cartoon characters, your child will learn to recognize letters, put them into syllables, and read words. The application is suitable for both one-year-old children and future first-graders. The program is divided into 10 levels: 4 simplest and 6 more difficult.

Talking ABC

The preschooler will learn the alphabet with the help of songs and plasticine helpers. Bright animation and fun games make lessons entertaining and not boring.

Learning to read by syllables

The application is designed for kindergarteners aged 5–7 years who know letters. The teaching methodology is based on Zaitsev’s program. Users make words from warehouses, cards with letters and syllables. With the help of simple games and entertaining tasks, the future schoolchild quickly learns to read and divide words into parts.

ABC for children! Let's learn the alphabet!

The letters are hidden in colored boxes with pictures. The task is to catch them and form a word. The game is designed for children aged 2–3 years in the “Learning Letters” mode, and preschoolers aged 4–7 years in the “Read by Syllables” block. The app has received a lot of positive feedback from parents.

Learning letters is fun!

The program is useful for kindergarteners unfamiliar with the alphabet. The games are divided into three parts. In the first, the child gets acquainted with letters using pictures, learns to pronounce them, and recognize them. In the second, he consolidates the acquired knowledge and composes words. In the third, smart coloring pages and favorite cartoon characters await him. You need to color the pictures using letters.

With the help of computer games, even a weak child can learn the alphabet and learn to read syllables, words, and sentences. In addition to educational exercises, the educational site has a lot of tasks to develop attention, memory, and reaction speed.

Working with a syllable

Now that the preschooler knows all the letters, you can teach the child to read syllables. To do this, it is best to use Zhukova’s bright and colorful “Primer Book,” the lessons of which will be of interest even to parents. This book can be purchased or downloaded online and printed. The main advantage is that parents do not have to think through a lesson plan - they just need to move consistently from page to page, keeping the pace that is comfortable for the baby.

But to prevent learning from turning into a routine, you can also play. There are several interesting games.

• "Elevator". The parent prepares a simple visual aid: a column divided into cells, in each of which consonants familiar to the baby are written. Separately, a card is made with a vowel, for example A. The child’s task is to imitate an elevator: the letter A moves along the floors of consonants, and the preschooler reads the resulting syllables aloud.
• "Find the syllable." While walking, you can invite your child to discover and show recently covered syllables (for example, RO is in the word “Products”).
• Write a syllable on the magnetic board.
• Correct the mistake (the mother makes up a syllable, but “confuses” the letters in places (not MA, but AM), the child must read what happened and correct it).

Classes should be held every day, but a portion of new knowledge should be within the child’s capacity. Someone can easily learn several syllables in one day, while another little one needs a series of home lessons to be devoted to a specific syllable. Everything is individual.

Answers to frequently asked questions

How long does it take to teach a child to read?

Learning to read from scratch can take 6-8 months with a 4-5 year old child. An adult child, 6–7 years old, masters the skill faster, in 3–6 months. If you attend classes at a development center, a tutor, and read additionally at home, the period is reduced to 2–4 months.

Although in this video you can get acquainted with the real story of how a child was taught to read syllables in 2 hours.

How to teach reading if a child doesn’t want to?

A categorical refusal to study with books, tables, and cubes can be overcome by increasing motivation. Interest a reluctant woman in a bright book on her favorite topic, tell her why it is useful and necessary to be able to read. Look at pictures in books every day, read in the evening, during the day, discuss the plot.

When the first signs of interest appear, try playing with letters, solving puzzles, and using coloring books.

Can a child learn to read on his own?

This option is possible if there are older children in the family. The kid watches homework being done and begins to imitate the school students. When it turns out that the baby has learned the letters himself, parents only need to speed up the process a little.

Buy an ABC book, give some theory, apply several speed reading methods. If a preschooler is inclined to self-education, is diligent, and will show good results.

Should educators teach children to read?

Reading lessons are not included in the mandatory kindergarten curriculum. Teachers in the preparatory group can give a small amount of information about sounds and letters.

Reading is taught in elementary school. The exception is specialized or private kindergartens, where parents pay for additional classes in preparation for first grade.

Pros and cons of homeschooling

Some of the positive aspects of teaching reading at home include:

1. Floating schedule. Mother and child do not need to rush, adapt to the schedule of the teacher or courses.
2. Ability to use different techniques. Typically, teachers and training centers specialize in a narrow area. For example, they work with children only with Zaitsev’s cubes, or according to Zhukova’s method. At home, through trial and error, you can choose the most effective technique specifically for your tomboy. But this takes time.
3. Individual approach. At home they do not study in groups, but one-on-one. You can devote exactly as much time to a topic as a single student needs, without waiting for those who are lagging behind and without rushing after those who are running ahead.
4. Contact with parents is maintained. A preschooler is emotionally comfortable being with his parents in difficult moments, and learning to read is a responsible undertaking.

There are not many negative aspects, but they do exist. Among the disadvantages of learning to read at home are:

• Lack of training of parents Unfortunately, mothers and fathers who do not have special education make a lot of mistakes when learning to read. For example, they name letters with overtones, make pauses between phonemes in the process of adding syllables and words. Children get used to reading incorrectly, and it is very difficult to retrain them.
• The child is not socialized. In pedagogical centers, the child communicates with other adults, gets used to the school environment, responsibility, and learns behavior. He won't get that experience at home.

Where and how to teach a child to read is up to parents to choose. If you have a difficult financial situation, then the only option left is at home. In this case, spend time studying books and methods of working with preschool children. This will help teach a kindergartener how to read and instill a love of literature.

Mastering the principle of reading syllables

Children usually pronounce each sound separately, and this is understandable - it takes them time to remember what the next letter is called. The parents' task is to help the child overcome this natural difficulty.

You need to start the exercises with words consisting only of vowels.
For example, AU, IA and UA. For these simple words, you need to draw/choose illustrations - for example, a girl lost in the forest (“AU!”), a baby lying in a cradle (“UA!”), and a cute donkey chewing grass (“EA!”). Ask your child not to read the inscription, but simply to sing it. You can sing slowly, “draw out” the syllable, but don’t stop: AAAAUU, IIIIAAA, UUUAAA. On a note! Be sure to teach your child to recognize exclamatory and interrogative sentences.
Use your voice to highlight the moment of exclamation; the baby should distinguish “Huh?” and “Ah!” Don’t be afraid to return to what you have covered; continue to teach your child to read the simplest syllables. When the first sound of a syllable is a consonant, it is more difficult for a child to read it. But, nevertheless, you also need to learn to read it, without this you can’t do it at school. Let the child “pull” NNN and then put A, O, or U. The boy gives the girl candy - NNN (“NA!”). The kid is swinging on a horse - NNNO (“BUT!”). The girl took her mother’s hand - MMMA (“MA!”). Please note that the child may “pull” the first sound long enough to remember the next one.

Important! Do not rush your child if he thinks while reading a syllable that is difficult for him - when he gets a feel for the principle of adding syllables, the process of mastering the skill will go much faster.

If the child fails to read the word, then the parent should read it himself, then try to read it again with the child. Then move on to the next syllable. Regardless of success, encourage and praise your little student.

Most primers for children 6-7 years old suggest learning using syllabic tables. They are a list of various syllables that do not have a semantic meaning, but are based on visualized memorization. Example: for the letter “N” the sounds are “NA-NO-NU-NY-NI”, for “M” - “MA-MO-MU-WE-MI”, for “T” - “TA-TO-TU-YOU” -TI”, etc. Of course, such tables have a right to life, but they are not at all interesting to children. It is absolutely not necessary to force a child to read various “VU” and “VA”; it is quite possible to cope without such outdated methodological material.

Advice! A child should not get tired of reading. In the first month, read syllables no more than 3-4 times a week. Let the lessons go not in a row, but every other day. From the second or third month you can teach your child to read daily.

We teach a child to divide words into syllables

Before your child begins to master literacy, teach him to divide words into syllables. Pronounce the words by clapping the number of syllables. In Russian, a word has as many syllables as there are vowels: sa-mo-let, ka-ran-dash - 3 vowels, 3 syllables; u-zhi - 2 vowels, 2 syllables; sport - 1 vowel, 1 syllable, 1 clap.

Play Finish the Word. You throw the ball to the child, saying the first syllable of the word, for example, “ma.” The child returns the ball, calling the ending, for example, “sha.” Say the word in full: Ma-sha. Guess the endings of words, change places with your child.

Exercises with words: strengthening the skill

As soon as the child learns to merge letters into syllables, parents can be congratulated for being halfway through the journey. Now the most important thing is to consolidate the acquired skill. In this case, fun and interesting tasks will be used.

Focus on success

All children sooner or later “learn” to read. By the age of ten, the difference between highly developed and ordinary children disappears. Even an educational psychologist will not be able to determine which fifth-graders have already read at three years old, and which have difficulty learning at seven and a half. Therefore, do not rush to achieve the goal, but enjoy the learning process with your child.

Save a video of your child reading his favorite book for the first time. Praise him for his efforts in front of his friends and relatives, emphasize how proud you are of him. Save your child's first notes. Do not scold for mistakes, but praise for the desire to master literacy.